"Adopting a view of utilitarian ethics in which motivation in the public interest takes on greater weight than is generally appreciated, this book explores the extent to which the philosophy of Immanuel Kant is consistent with this nuanced version of utilitarianism. Kants requirement that full ethical merit needs an agent to act purely from duty to forward the universal end of happiness rather than from a personal inclination to achieve that end clearly distinguishes his position from the version of utilitarian ethics adopted here. But this book also argues that Kants approval of a secondary category of conduct - conduct in conformity with duty - entailing other-regarding or sympathetic motivation to advance general happiness, differs from the utilitarian position only in its meriting a qualified degree of ethical credit. After comparing Kants position with those of eighteenth-century utilitarian writers from Locke to Bentham, the book evaluates reactions to Kant by J.S. Mill and Karl Marx and proposes Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) as a precursor for maintaining a Kantian doctrine of conduct from duty and for other shared features. In terms of public policy, the work demonstrates Kants justification of poor relief and reduced inequality, his proposal for a state education plan, and his opposition to paternalism. This book provides essential reading for academic specialists and students concerned with the interface of political economy and ethics, as well as the history of economic thought, political economy, history of ethics, history of political thought and intellectual history.

Samuel Hollander is University Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto, Canada, and an Officer in the Order of Canada"--.