ContributorsEvolution of retroperitoneoscopySurgical anatomy of the retroperitoneumInstrumentationPreoperative and anaesthetic considerationsThe basics of the balloon techniqueRetroperitoneal access techniquesRetroperitoneal laparoscopic suturingComplicationsLost in spaceRetroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteral surgeryRetroperitoneal laparoscopic renal biopsyRetroperitoneal laparoscopic decortication of a simple renal cystRetroperitoneal laparoscopic nephropexyRetroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomyRetroperitoneal laparoscopic pylelithotomyRetroperitoneal laparoscopic varicocelectomyRetroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomyRetroperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomyRetroperitoneal laparoscopic colposuspensionRetroperitoneal laparoscopic evacuation of a psoas abscessRetroperitoneal laparoscopic lumbar sympathectomyIndex.