Preface, xix Abbreviations, xx PART 1. Coronary Artery Disease, 1 1. Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome, 1 Appendix 1. Complex angiographic disease, moderate disease, 13 Appendix 2. Women and ACS, elderly patients and ACS, CKD, 14 Appendix 3. Bleeding, transfusion, prior warfarin therapy, gastrointestinal bleed, 15 Appendix 4. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, 16 Appendix 5. Differences between plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and spontaneous coronary dissection, 19 Appendix 6.
Harmful effects of NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in CAD, 19 Questions and answers, 19 References, 25 2. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, 30 1. Definition, reperfusion, and general management, 31 2. STEMI complications, 42 Appendix 1. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: role of early coronary angiography and therapeutic hypothermia, 52 Questions and answers, 54 References, 59 3. Stable CAD and Approach to Chronic Chest Pain, 65 Appendix 1. Note on outcomes with various surgical grafts, 77 Appendix 2. Coronary vasospasm (variant angina, Prinzmetal angina), 79 Appendix 3.
Women with chest pain and normal coronary arteries, 81 Appendix 4. Myocardial bridging, 81 Appendix 5. Coronary collaterals, chronic total occlusion, 82 Appendix 6. Hibernation, stunning, ischemic preconditioning, 82 Questions and answers, 83 References, 87 PART 2. Heart Failure (Chronic and Acute Heart Failure, Specific Cardiomyopathies, and Pathophysiology), 93 4. Heart Failure, 93 Definition, types, causes, and diagnosis of heart failure, 94 1. Definition and types of heart failure, 94 2. Causes of heart failure, 97 3.
Diagnostic tests, 100 Chronic treatment of heart failure, 102 1. Treatment of systolic heart failure, 102 2. Treatment of HFpEF, 114 Acute heart failure and acutely decompensated heart failure, 115 Appendix 1. Management of isolated or predominant RV failure, 125 Questions and answers, 127 References, 135 5. Additional Heart Failure Topics, 142 1. Specific cardiomyopathies, 142 2. Advanced heart failure: heart transplant and ventricular assist devices (VADs), 146 3. Pathophysiology of heart failure and hemodynamic aspects, 149 References, 155 PART 3.
Valvular Disorders, 157 6. Valvular Disorders, 157 1. Mitral regurgitation, 158 2. Mitral stenosis, 167 3. Aortic insufficiency, 173 4. Aortic stenosis, 178 5. Tricuspid regurgitation and stenosis, 186 6. Pulmonic stenosis and regurgitation, 187 7.
Mixed valvular disease; radiation heart disease, 188 8. Prosthetic valves, 189 9. Auscultation and summary ideas, 193 Questions and answers, 197 References, 206 PART 4. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, 211 7. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, 211 Questions and answers, 221 References, 222 PART 5. Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology, 225 8. Approach to Narrow and Wide QRS Complex Tachyarrhythmias, 225 Questions and answers: Practice ECGs of wide complex tachycardias, 235 Further reading, 241 9. Ventricular Arrhythmias: Types and Management, Sudden Cardiac Death, 242 Questions and answers, 254 References, 256 Further reading, 257 10.
Atrial Fibrillation, 258 Appendix 1. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy (indications and examples), 265 Appendix 2. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, surgical ablation, AV nodal ablation, 267 Appendix 3. INR follow-up in patients receiving warfarin; new anticoagulants, 268 Appendix 4. Bridging anticoagulation in patients undergoing procedures and receiving warfarin, 270 Appendix 5. Management of elevated INR values, 270 Appendix 6. A common special situation: AF and symptomatic pauses (sinus or AF pauses) or bradycardia, 271 Appendix 7. DC cardioversion in patients with a slow ventricular response, 271 Appendix 8.
AF occurring post-cardiac surgery and AF related to acute transient triggers, 271 Appendix 9. Brief asymptomatic runs of AF seen on telemetry or device interrogation, 272 Questions and answers, 272 References, 274 Further reading, 277 11. Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia, 278 Questions and answers, 285 References, 287 Further reading, 287 12. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, and Junctional Rhythms, 288 Questions and answers, 301 Further reading, 302 13. Bradyarrhythmias, 304 Questions and answers, 317 References, 319 14. Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, 320 Questions and answers: Cases of PM troubleshooting, 338 References, 344 15. Basic Electrophysiologic Study, 346 Further reading, 357 16. Action Potential Features and Propagation: Mechanisms of Arrhythmias, Antiarrhythmic Drugs, 358 Further reading, 365 PART 6.
Pericardial Disorders, 367 17. Pericardial Disorders, 367 1. Acute pericarditis, 368 2. Tamponade, 370 3. Pericardial effusion, 373 4. Constrictive pericarditis, 376 Questions and answers, 384 References, 386 Further reading, 387 PART 7. Congenital Heart Disease, 389 18. Congenital Heart Disease, 389 1.
Acyanotic congenital heart disease, 389 2. Cyanotic congenital heart disease, 398 3. More complex cyanotic congenital heart disease and shunt procedures, 401 Questions and answers, 404 References, 407 PART 8. Peripheral Arterial Disease, 409 19. Peripheral Arterial Disease, 409 1. Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease, 409 2. Carotid disease, 418 3. Renal artery stenosis, 421 Questions and answers, 422 References, 425 20.
Aortic Diseases, 428 References, 437 PART 9. Other Cardiovascular Disease States, 439 21. Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis, 439 1. Pulmonary embolism, 439 2. Deep vein thrombosis, 445 3. Immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 446 Questions and answers, 447 References, 447 22. Shock and Fluid Responsiveness, 449 1. Shock, 449 2.
Fluid responsiveness, 452 Appendix. Hemodynamic equations, transfusion, and miscellaneous concepts, 454 References, 455 23. Hypertension, 456 1. Hypertension, 456 2. Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies, 465 Questions and answers, 467 References, 469 24. D yslipidemia, 472 Questions and answers, 476 References, 477 25. Pulmonary Hypertension, 479 Questions and answers, 484 References, 486 26. Syncope, 488 Questions and answers, 495 References, 497 27.
Chest Pain, Dyspnea, Palpitations, 499 1. Chest pain, 499 2. Acute dyspnea, 502 3. Palpitations, 504 References, 505 28. Infective Endocarditis and Cardiac Rhythm Device Infections, 507 1. Infective endocarditis, 507 2. Cardiac rhythm device infections, 511 References, 513 29. Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation, 514 Questions and answers, 518 References, 519 30.
Miscellaneous Cardiac Topics: Cardiac Masses and Tumors, Pregnancy, HIV and Heart Disease, Cocaine and the Heart, Chemotherapy and Heart Disease, Chest X-Ray, 521 1. Cardiac masses, 522 2. Pregnancy and heart disease, 523 3. HIV and heart disease, 527 4. Cocaine and the heart, 527 5. Chemotherapy and heart disease, 528 6. Chest X-ray, 529 Questions and answers, 532 References, 534 PART 10. Cardiac Tests: Electrocardiography, Echocardiography, and Stress Testing, 537 31.
Electrocardiography, 537 Appendix 1. Supplement on STEMI and Q-wave MI: phases and localization, 589 Appendix 2. Spread of electrical depolarization in various disease states using vector illustration, 594 Questions and answers, 595 References, 598 Further reading, 601 32. Echocardiography, 602 1. General echocardiography, 602 2. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) views, 639 Further reading, 648 33. Stress Testing, Nuclear Imaging, Coronary CT Angiography, 649 Appendix 1. Mechanisms of various stress modalities, 656 Appendix 2.
Nuclear stress imaging, 657 Appendix 3. Coronary CT angiography, 660 References, 663 Further reading, 664 PART 11. Cardiac Tests: Invasive Coronary and Cardiac Procedures, 665 34. Angiographic Views: Coronary Arteries and Grafts, Left Ventricle, Aorta, Coronary Anomalies, Peripheral Arteries, Carotid Arteries, 665 Questions and answers, 697 Further reading, 699 35. Cardiac Catheterization Techniques, Tips, and Tricks, 700 36. Hemodynamics, 720 Appendix 1. Advanced hemodynamic calculation: a case of shunt with pulmonary hypertension, 737 Questions and answers: Additional hemodynamic cases, 738 References, 740 37. Intracoronary Imaging, 741 1.
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 741 2. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), 749 References, 751 Further reading, 751 38. Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Complications, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump, Ventricular Assist Devices, and Fractional Flow Reserve, 752 Questions and answers, 770