This reading group guide for Empire of the Summer Moon includes an introduction, discussion questions, and ideas for enhancing your book club. The suggested questions are intended to help your reading group find new and interesting angles and topics for your discussion. We hope that these ideas will enrich your conversation and increase your enjoyment of the book. INTRODUCTION Empire of the Summer Moon is a stunning historical account of the forty-year battle for control of the American West and of one of its most remarkable narratives: the century-spanning saga of the pioneer woman Cynthia Ann Parker and her half-white son Quanah, who became the last and greatest chief of the Comanche. TOPICS AND QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION In chapter four, Gwynne compares the Comanche warriors to the Celts, and later, in chapter five, to the Spartans. Both were war-driven cultures that prided themselves on being more fearless than their opponents. Can you think of any other historical cultures that remind you of the Comanche? Do you think it is fair to identify this tribe solely based on their ability to wage and win wars? A journalist by trade, Gwynne maintains impartiality throughout the book. Although it is difficult not to sympathize with the Comanche and their ultimate fate, they were notorious for their extreme violence toward all who stood in their way.

How are you able to reconcile the savagery of the tribe with their nobility? Does this moral dichotomy even need to be reconciled, or is it wrong to apply modern standards of ethics to the Comanche? John Coffee Hays, nicknamed "Capitan Yack," was one of the first military officers to successfully adopt the Indian style of warfare and briefly managed to level the battlefield against the Comanche. Hays and the Texas Rangers of the 1830s and 1840s created a blueprint for success that was then forgotten for decades until Ranald Mackenzie and others relearned it. Do you think if the Hays style of fighting had been adopted immediately, the struggle would have lasted as long as it did? Why or why not? The story of Quanah and his second wife, Weckeah, is a wonderful anecdote that displays the courage and determination for which Quanah would later be famous. What other qualities do you think made Quanah such a great leader? Was he at a disadvantage for being from a mixed heritage? Or did this quality play a role in his rise through the Comanche ranks? Cynthia Ann Parker''s story is a fascinating case study in cultural assimilation. The true tragedy of her life was her second stint in captivity following her "escape" from the Comanche (p. 181). Why do you think Cynthia Ann Parker had so much trouble reassimilating into "white" culture? Do you think Sul Ross would have brought her back as a captive had he known the final outcome? Ranald Mackenzie is presented as a counterpoint to the infamous George Custer in chapter sixteen. Mackenzie proved himself at West Point, then in the Civil War, and he won more than his fair share of battles against the Comanche.

Considering this, why do you think history remembers Custer rather than Mackenzie? Consider how history would have changed if the Spanish and French had been more successful in fighting the Comanche. If the Comanches hadn''t repelled the Spanish and French advancement, would America have become the country it is today? Isa-tai--a medicine man, a magician, and a con man according to Gwynne (p. 264)--was both a blessing and a curse to the Comanche. Together, he and Quanah rallied the warriors necessary to spring a revenge raid on the Texans. Although Quanah is remembered as the last great Comanche chief, how much do you think Isa-tai contributed to Quanah''s status? Would Quanah have been able to rally as many warriors into battles without Isa-tai? Do you think Quanah and the Comanche would have ultimately been better off without Isa-tai? Surprisingly enough, Quanah was able to adapt to reservation life. Still, he lived as only a Comanche would be allowed to, with eight wives and twenty-four children. As Gwynne writes, Quanah "existed . in the weird half-world of the reservation" (p.

302). What do you make of Quanah''s peaceful surrender and his "second life" on the reservation? Were you surprised by his ability to balance both his captivity and his role as an assertive Comanche leader? The scene toward the end of the book when Quanah and his fellow Comanche are allowed off the reservation for a buffalo hunt is heartbreaking. There are no buffalo to be found, and they are reduced, instead, to hunting cattle. This poignant failed attempt to recapture a vital piece of Comanche identity just a few years after surrender begs the following questions: Would the Comanche have been forced to give up their way of life even if they had not engaged in war? Would they eventually have been rendered obsolete because of their inability and unwillingness to adapt to the ever-modernizing world around them? Did you know the true origin of the phrase Comanche Moon before reading Empire of the Summer Moon ? What other misconceptions about the Comanche or the history of the West did Gwynne help to dispel with this book? In the final chapter of the book, Gwynne writes about Quanah''s legacy: "The contrast could not be greater with his more famous neighbor, Geronimo" (p. 314). He goes on to explain that while Geronimo was not well liked by Indians on the reservation and died a drunk and a gambler, Quanah is remembered as one of the last great Indian chiefs. Do you think we will still remember Quanah one hundred years from now? What do you think his lasting legacy will be? ENHANCE YOUR BOOK CLUB Listen to S. C.

Gwynne talk about the research that went into Empire of the Summer Moon and his writing process in an interview he did with Terry Gross on NPR''s Fresh Air . You can download a podcast for free from iTunes or read the transcript on NPR''s website. The episode originally aired on June 23, 2010, and is called "Comanche Nation: The Rise and Fall of an ''Empire.'' " Or, visit http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127930650 to listen. Schedule a screening with your book club of one of the handful of movies devoted to the Comanche Indians.

The most critically acclaimed is Budd Boetticher''s Comanche Station . Another movie, Comanche, a 1956 offering from George Sherman, features an actor playing the role of Quanah Parker. There is also a 2010 documentary produced by the History Channel titled Comanche Warriors . John Ford''s The Searchers is one of the greatest westerns ever made and is based on the stories of Cynthia Ann Parker and her uncle James. If you really want to run your book club in true Comanche style, prepare a feast of buffalo meat! There are a number of great cookbooks devoted to buffalo meat recipes, as well as numerous websites. ComancheBuffalo.com is a good place to start. If possible, purchase meat that is grass fed and organic.

Be thankful that you don''t have to skin the hide yourself to prepare the meat!.