DESIGN LOADS Design Criteria Classification of Buildings Building Codes Standard Unit Loads Tributary Area Working Stress Design, Strength Design, and Unified Design of Structures Elastic and Plastic Designs Elastic Moment Capacity Plastic Moment Capacity The Combination of Loads Problems Primary Loads: Dead Loads and Live Loads Dead Loads Live Loads Floor Live Loads Basic Design Live Load, Lo Effective Area Reduction Factor Other Provisions for Floor Live Loads Roof Live Loads, Lr Tributary Area Reduction Factor, R1 Slope Reduction Factor Problems Snow Loads Introduction Balanced Snow Load Importance Factor Thermal Factor, Ct Exposure Factor, Ce Roof Slope Factor, Cs Rain-on-Snow Surcharge Partial Loading of the Balanced Snow Load Unbalanced Snow Load due to Drift Across the Ridge Snow Drift on a Roof Snow Drift from a Higher to a Lower Roof Leeward Snow Drift Windward Snow Drift Sliding Snow Load on Lower Roof Problems Wind Loads Introduction The Simplified Procedure for MWFRS Horizontal Pressure Zones for MWFRS Vertical Pressure Zones for MWFRS Minimum Pressure for MWFRS The Simplified Procedures for Components and Cladding Minimum Pressures for Components and Cladding Problems Earthquake Loads Seismic Forces Seismic Parameters Fundamental Period of Structure Ground Spectral Response Maps Adjusted Spectral Response Accelerations Design Spectral Acceleration Design Response Spectrum Importance Factor, I Seismic Design Categories Exemptions from Seismic Designs Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure to Determine Seismic Force Effective Weight of Structure, W Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs Response Modification Factor, R Distribution of Seismic Forces Distribution of Seismic Forces on Vertical Wall Elements Distribution of Seismic Forces on Horizontal Elements (Diaphragms) Design Earthquake Load Problems WOOD STRUCTURES Wood Specifications Engineering Properties of Sawn Lumber Reference Design Values for Sawn Lumber Adjustments to the Reference Design Values for Sawn Lumber Time Effect Factor, λ Size Factor, CF Size Factor, CF for Dimension Lumber Size Factor, CF for Timber Repetitive Member Factor, Cr Format Conversion Factor, KF Resistance Factor, LRFD Design with Wood Structural Glued Laminated Timber Reference Design Values for GLULAM Adjustment Factors for GLULAM Flat Use Factor for GLULAM, Cfu Volume Factor for GLULAM, Cv Curvature Factor for GLULAM, Cc Structural Composite Lumber Problems Flexure and Axially Loaded Wood Structures Introduction Design of Beams Bending Criteria of Design Beam Stability Factor, CL Effective Unbraced Length Shear Criteria Deflection Criteria Bearing at Supports Bearing Area Factor, Cb Design of Axial Tension Members Design of Columns Column Stability Factor, CP Design for Combined Bending and Compression Problems Wood Connections Types of Connections and Fasteners Dowel-Type Fasteners (Nails, Screws, Bolts, Pins) Yield Limit Theory for Laterally Loaded Fasteners Yield Mechanisms and Yield Limit Equations Reference Design Values for Lateral Loads (Shear Connections) Reference Design Values for Withdrawal Loads Adjustments of the Reference Design Values Wet Service Factor, CM Temperature Factor, Ct Group Action Factor, Cg Geometry Factor, CΔ End Grain Factor, Ceg Diaphragm Factor, Cdi Toenail Factor, Ctn Nail and Screw Connections Nails Wood Screws Bolt and Lag Screw Connections Bolts Lag Screws Problems STEEL STRUCTURES Tension Steel Members Properties of Steel The 2005 Unified Design Specifications Limit States of Design Design of Tension Members Tensile Strength of Elements Net Area, An Shear Lag Factor for Unattached Elements Block Shear Strength Design Procedure for Tension Members Problems Compression Steel Members Strength of Compression Members or Columns Local Buckling Criteria Flexural Buckling Criteria Effective Length Factor for Slenderness Ratio Limit States for Compressive Strength Non-Slender Members Flexural Buckling of Non-Slender Members in Elastic and Inelastic Regions 6 Inelastic Buckling Elastic Buckling Torsional and FlexuralTorsional Buckling of Non-Slender Members Slender Compression Members Use of the Compression Tables Problems Flexural Steel Members The Basis of Design Nominal Strength of Steel in Flexure Lateral Unsupported Length Fully Plastic Zone with Adequate Lateral Support Inelastic Lateral Torsional Buckling (I-LTB) Zone Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling (E-LTB) Zone Slender Beam Sections Compact Full Plastic Limit Noncompact Flange Local Buckling (N-FLB) Slender Flange Local Buckling (S-FLB) Summary of Beam Relations Design Aids Shear Strength of Steel Beam Deflection Limitations Problems Combined Forces on Steel Members Design Approach to the Combined Forces Combination of Tensile and Flexure Forces Combination of Compression and Flexure Forces: The Beam-Column Members Members without Sidesway Members with Sidesway Magnification Factor, B1 Moment Modification Factor, Cm Braced Frame Design Magnification Factor for Sway, B2 Unbraced Frame Design Open-Web Steel Joists Joist Girders Problems Steel Connections Types of Connections and Joints Bolted Connections Specifications for Spacing of Bolts and Edge Distance Bearing-Type Connections Slip-Critical Connections Tensile Load on Bolts Combined Shear and Tensile Forces on Bolts Combined Shear and Tension on Bearing-Type Connections Combined Shear and Tension on Slip-Critical Connections Welded Connections Fillet Welds Effective Area of Weld Minimum Size of Weld Maximum Size of Weld Length of Weld Strength of Weld Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Welds and Fillet Welds Frame Connections Shear or Simple Connection for Frames Single-Plate Shear Connection or Shear Tab Framed-Beam Connection Seated-Beam Connection End-Plate Connection Single-Plate Shear Connection for Frames Moment-Resisting Connection for Frames Problems REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Flexural Reinforced Concrete Members Properties of Reinforced Concrete Compression Strength of Concrete Design Strength of Concrete Strength of Reinforcing Steel LRFD Basis of Concrete Design Reinforced Concrete Beams Derivation of the Beam Relations The Strain Diagram and Modes of Failure Balanced and Recommended Steel Percentages Minimum Percentage of Steel Strength Reduction Factor for Concrete Specifications for Beams Analysis of Beams Design of Beams Design for Reinforcement Only Design of Beam Section and Reinforcement One-Way Slab Specifications for Slabs Analysis of One-Way Slab Design of One-Way Slab Problems Shear and Torsion in Reinforced Concrete Stress Distribution in Beam Diagonal Cracking of Concrete Strength of Web (Shear) Reinforced Beam Shear Contribution of Concrete Shear Contribution of Web Reinforcement Specifications for Web (Shear) Reinforcement Analysis for Shear Capacity Design for Shear Capacity Torsion in Concrete Provision for Torsional Reinforcement Problems Compression and Combined Forces Reinforced Concrete Members Types of Columns Pedestals Columns with Axial Loads Short Columns with Combined Loads Large or Slender Columns with Combined Loads Axially Loaded Columns Strength of Spirals Specifications for Columns Analysis of Axially Loaded Columns Design of Axially Loaded Columns Short Columns with Combined Loads Effects of Moment on Short Columns Only Axial Load Acting (Case 1) Large Axial Load and Small Moment (Small Eccentricity) (Case 2) Large Axial Load and Moment Larger Than Case 2 Section (Case 3) Large Axial Load and Moment Larger Than Case 3 Section (Case 4) Balanced Axial Load and Moment (Case 5) Small Axial Load and Large Moment (Case 6) No Appreciable Axial Load and Large Moment (Case 7) Characteristics of the Interaction Diagram Application of the Interaction Diagram Analysis of Short Columns for Combined Loading Design of Short Columns for Combined Loading Long or Slender Columns Problems Appendix A: General Appendix B: Wood Appendix C: Steel Appendix D: Concrete References and Bibliography Index.