Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1 Introduction 2 Outer Space Law and the Concept of "Peaceful Purposes" 1 Introduction 2 Outer Space Law: The Legal and Treaty Regime 2.1 The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and Declaration of Legal Principles 2.2 The Outer Space Treaty: "Hard" Law for a New Domain 3 "Peaceful Purposes" Under the Outer Space Treaty 3.1 "Peaceful Purposes" as "Non-military" Use: A Fading, or Inapplicable, Interpretation? 3.2 "Peaceful Purposes" as "Non-aggressive" Use: The US (and Modern) Approach 4 Conclusions for United States'' Military Space Policy 3 American Space Security Policy: US Space Policies & Military Involvement from President Eisenhower to President Biden 1 Introduction 2 The Early Years: Military Missile Development and Sputnik i 3 Official United States Outer Space Policy and Law 3.1 President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) 3.2 President John F.
Kennedy (1961-1963) and President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) 3.3 President Richard Nixon (1969-1973) and President Gerald Ford (1973-1977) 3.4 President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter (1977-1981) 3.5 President Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) and President George H.W. Bush (1989-1993) 3.6 President William J.
"Bill" Clinton (1993-2001) 3.7 President George W. Bush (2001-2009) 3.8 President Barack Obama (2009-2017) 3.9 President Donald Trump (2017-2021) 3.10 President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (2021-Present) 3.
11 US Domestic Space Legislation in the Security Context: A Brief Note 4 Conclusion 4 The United States Space Force: Organization, Mission, and Legal Implications 1 Introduction 2 Space Policy Directive-4 and the 2020 ndaa: Creating the Space Force 2.1 Space Policy Directive-4: Directing the Creation of the Space Force 2.2 ndaa2020: The Official Birth of the Space Force 3 Making It So: The US Space Force''s Organization 3.1 Personnel and Organization 3.2 Basing 4 Semper Supra : The US Space Force''s Doctrine 5 Conclusion and Legal Implications 5 Outer Space Policy and the "Security Dilemma": Is America Destined for Space Conflict? 1 Introduction 2 The Security Dilemma in International Relations Theory 3 American Space Security Policy and the International Community 3.1 True Security Dilemma? 3.2 Cold War Era American Space Security Policy 3.2.
1 International Anarchy 3.2.2 Uncertainty, Fear, and Power Accumulation 3.2.3 Conclusions Related to American Cold War Space Policy 3.3 Post-cold War Era American Space Security Policy 3.3.1 International Anarchy 3.
3.2 Fear, Uncertainty, and Power Accumulation 3.3.3 Conclusions Related to Post-cold War American Space Policy 4 Conclusion: The United States Space Force & the "Security Dilemma" 6 Conclusion: The Future of American Space Policy and Legal Development in a Post-ussf World 1 Introduction 2 Outer Space Law and the United States Space Force 3 The Future of United States Space Security Policy Appendices Appendix A Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies Appendix B Text of Space Policy Directive-4, "Establishment of the United States Space Force" (President Donald J. Trump, February 19, 2019) Appendix C Publications Examining the Organization of Space Forces or the Creation of a Space-Oriented Military Service Branch (1994-2018) Appendix D Portions of 2020 National Defense Authorization Act Pertaining to the Creation of the United States Space Force Bibliography Index.