Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix PART I THE BUILDING DESIGN CONTEXT Chapter 1 DESIGN PROCESS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Design Intent 1.3 Design Criteria 1.4 Methods and Tools 1.5 Validation and Evaluation 1.6 Influences on the Design Process 1.7 A Philosophy of Design 1.

8 Lessons from the Field 1.9 Case Study--Design Process Chapter 2 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Energy 2.3 Water 2.4 Materials 2.5 Design Challenges 2.6 How Are We Doing? 2.

7 Case Study--Design Process and EnvironmentalResources Chapter 3 SITES AND RESOURCES 3.1 Climates 3.2 Climates within Climates 3.3 Buildings and Sites 3.4 Analyzing the Site 3.5 Site Design Strategies 3.6 Direct Sun and Daylight 3.7 Sound and Airflow 3.

8 Rain and Groundwater 3.9 Plants 3.10 Case Study--Site and Resource Design PART II DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS Chapter 4 THERMAL COMFORT 4.1 The Body and Heat 4.2 Psychrometry 4.3 Thermal Comfort Chapter 5 INDOOR AIR QUALITY 5.1 Indoor Air Quality and Building Design 5.2 Pollutant Sources and Impacts 5.

3 Predicting Indoor Air Quality 5.4 Zoning for IAQ 5.5 Passive and Low-Energy Approaches for Control of IAQ 5.6 Active Approaches for Control of IAQ 5.7 IAQ, Materials, and Health Chapter 6 SOLAR GEOMETRY AND SHADING DEVICES 6.1 The Sun and Its Position 6.2 Solar versus Clock Time 6.3 True South and Magnetic Deviation 6.

4 Sunpath Projections 6.5 Shading 6.6 Shadow Angles and Shading Masks Chapter 7 HEAT FLOW 7.1 The Building Envelope 7.2 Building Envelope Design Intentions 7.3 Sensible Heat Flow through Opaque Walls and Roofs 7.4 Latent Heat Flow through the Opaque Envelope 7.5 Heat Flow through Transparent/Translucent Elements 7.

6 Trends in Envelope Thermal Performance 7.7 Heat Flow via Air Movement 7.8 Calculating Envelope Heat Flows 7.9 Envelope Thermal Design Standards 7.10 Case Study--Heat Flow and Envelope Design PART III PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS Chapter 8 DAYLIGHTING 8.1 The Daylighting Opportunity 8.2 Human Factors in Daylighting Design 8.3 Site Strategies for Daylighting Buildings 8.

4 Aperture Strategies: Sidelighting 8.5 Aperture Strategies: Toplighting 8.6 Specialized Daylighting Strategies 8.7 Basic Characteristics of Light Sources 8.8 Selecting an Appropriate Light Source 8.9 Characteristics of Daylight 8.10 Standard Overcast Sky 8.11 Clear Sky 8.

12 Partly Cloudy Sky 8.13 Daylight Factor 8.14 Components of Daylight 8.15 Guidelines for Preliminary Daylighting Design 8.16 Design Analysis Methods 8.17 Daylighting Simulation Programs 8.18 Physical Modeling 8.19 Recapping Daylighting 8.

20 Case Study--Daylighting Design Chapter 9 PASSIVE HEATING 9.1 Brief History 9.2 Design Strategies for Heating 9.3 Guidelines: Passive Solar Heating 9.4 Calculating Worst-Hourly Heat Loss 9.5 Calculations for Heating-Season Fuel Consumption(Conventional Buildings) 9.6 Detailed Calculations: Passive Heating Performance 9.7 Case Study--Designing for Passive Heating Chapter 10 PASSIVE COOLING 10.

1 Brief History 10.2 Design Strategies for Cooling 10.3 Summer Heat Gain Guidelines 10.4 Passive Cooling Guidelines 10.5 Reintegrating Daylighting, Passive Solar Heating, andCooling 10.6 Approximate Method for Calculating Heat Gain (CoolingLoad) 10.7 Detailed Hourly Heat Gain (Cooling Load) Calculations 10.8 Detailed Calculations: Passive Cooling Performance Chapter 11 INTEGRATING PASSIVE SYSTEMS 11.

1 Organizing the Design Problem 11.2 Combining Strategies 11.3 Project Performance 11.4 Project Summary 11.5 Case Study--Designing for Passive Heating andCooling PART IV ACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS Chapter 12 ACTIVE CLIMATE CONTROL 12.1 Introduction 12.2 History and Context 12.3 Relevant Codes and Standards 12.

4 Fundamentals HVAC Components 12.5 Source Components: Heat 12.6 Heating Equipment 12.7 Source Components: Coolth 12.8 Cooling Equipment 12.9 Distribution Components: Air 12.10 Distribution Components: Water 12.11 Air Delivery 12.

12 Water Delivery 12.13 Air Filters 12.14 Controls HVAC Systems 12.15 HVAC Systems Taxonomy 12.16 HVAC Systems Anatomy 12.17 HVAC Systems for Small Buildings 12.18 HVAC Systems for Large Buildings 12.19 Trends in HVAC Systems Design 12.

20 Energy Efficiency Equipment and Systems 12.21 Case Study--Active Climate Control Systems Chapter 13 LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS 13.1 Introductory Remarks Physics of Light 13.2 Light as Radiant Energy 13.3 Transmittance and Reflectance 13.4 Terminology and Definitions 13.5 Luminous Intensity 13.6 Luminous Flux 13.

7 Illuminance 13.8 Luminance, Exitance, and Brightness 13.9 Illuminance Measurement 13.10 Luminance Measurement 13.11 Reflectance Measurements 13.12 Inverse Square Law 13.13 Luminous Intensity: Candela Measurements 13.14 Intensity Distribution Curves Light and Sight 13.

15 The Eye 13.16 Factors in Visual Acuity 13.17 Size of the Visual Object 13.18 Subjective Brightness 13.19 Contrast and Adaptation 13.20 Exposure Time 13.21 Secondary Task-Related Factors 13.22 Observer-Related Visibility Factors 13.

23 The Aging Eye Quantity of Light 13.24 Illuminance Levels 13.25 Illuminance Category 13.26 Illuminance Recommendations Quality of Lighting 13.27 Considerations of Lighting Quality 13.28 Direct (Discomfort) Glare 13.29 Veiling Reflections and Reflected Glare 13.30 Equivalent Spherical Illumination and Relative VisualPerformance 13.

31 Control of Reflected Glare 13.32 Luminance Ratios 13.33 Patterns of Luminance: Subjective Reactions toLighting Fundamentals of Color 13.34 Color Temperature 13.35 Object Color 13.36 Reactions to Color 13.37 Chromaticity 13.38 Spectral Distribution of Light Sources 13.

39 Color Rendering Index Chapter 14 ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES 14.1 The Incandescent Filament Lamp 14.2 Special Incandescent Lamps 14.3 Tungsten-Halogen (Quartz-Iodine) Lamps 14.4 Tungsten-Halogen Lamp Types Gaseous Discharge Lamps 14.5 Ballasts Fluorescent Lamps 14.6 Fluorescent Lamp Construction 14.7 Fluorescent Lamp Labels 14.

8 Fluorescent Lamp Types 14.9 Characteristics of Fluorescent Lamp Operation 14.10 Federal Standards for Fluorescent Lamps 14.11 Special Fluorescent Lamps 14.12 Compact Fluorescent Lamps High-Intensity Discharge Lamps 14.13 Mercury Vapor Lamps 14.14 Metal-Halide Lamps 14.15 Sodium Vapor Lamps 14.

16 Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps Solid State Lighting 14.17 Light-Emitting Diodes 14.18 Induction Lamps 14.19 Sulfur Lamps 14.20 Fiber Optics Chapter 15 LIGHTING DESIGN PROCESS 15.1 General Information 15.2 Goals of Lighting Design 15.3 Lighting Design Procedure 15.

4 Cost Factors 15.5 Power Budgets 15.6 Task Analysis 15.7 Energy Considerations 15.8 Preliminary Design 15.9 Illumination Methods 15.10 Types of Lighting Systems 15.11 Indirect Lighting 15.

12 Semi-Indirect Lighting 15.13 Direct-Indirect and General Diffuse Lighting 15.14 Semi-Direct Lighting 15.15 Direct Lighting 15.16 Size and Pattern of Luminaires 15.17 Other Design Considerations Chapter 16 ELECTRIC LIGHTING DESIGN Luminaires 16.1 Design Considerations 16.2 Lighting Fixture Distribution Characteristics 16.

3 Luminaire Light Control 16.4 Luminaire Diffusers 16.5 Uniformity of Illumination 16.6 Luminaire Mounting Height 16.7 Lighting Fixtures 16.8 Lighting Fixture Construction 16.9 Lighting Fixture Structural Support 16.10 Lighting Fixture Appraisal 16.

11 Luminaire-Room System Efficiency: Coefficient ofUtilization 16.12 Luminaire Efficacy Rating Lighting Control 16.13 Requirement for Lighting Control 16.14 Lighting Control: Switching 16.15 Lighting Control: Dimming 16.16 Lighting Control: Control Initiation 16.17 Lighting Control Strategy Detailed Design Procedures 16.18 Calculation of Average Illuminance 16.

19 Calculation of Horizontal Illuminance by the Lumen (Flux)Method 16.20 Calculation of Light Loss Factor 16.21 Determination of the Coefficient of Utilization by theZonal Cavity Method 16.22 Zonal Cavity Calculations: Illustrative Examples 16.23 Zonal Cavity Calculation by Approximation 16.24 Effect of Cavity Reflectances on Illuminance 16.25 Modular Lighting Design 16.26 Calculating Illuminance at a Point 16.

27 Design Aids 16.28 Calculating Illumina.