CHAPTER 1: SAFETY AND HEALTH MOVEMENT, THEN AND NOW Developments Before the Industrial Revolution Milestones in the Safety Movement Tragedies That Have Changed the Safety Movement Role of Organized Labor Role of Specific Health Problems Safety and Health Standards Apply to More than Just Manufacturing Development of Accident Prevention Programs Development of Safety Organizations Safety and Health Movement Today Integrated Approach to Safety and Health New Materials, New Processes, and New Problems Rapid Growth in the Profession Does Moving Manufacturing Jobs Overseas Reduce the Accident Rate? CHAPTER 2: ACCIDENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS Costs of Accidents Accidental Deaths in the United States Accidents versus Other Causes of Death Work Accident Costs and Rates Time Lost because of Work Injuries Deaths in Work Accidents Work Injuries by Type of Accident Death Rates by Industry Parts of the Body Injured on the Job Estimating the Cost of Accidents Global Impact of Accidents and Injuries OSHA Reports and Logs CHAPTER 3: THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION Domino Theory of Accident Causation Human Factors Theory of Accident Causation Accident/Incident Theory of Accident Causation Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation Systems Theory of Accident Causation Combination Theory of Accident Causation Behavioral Theory of Accident Causation Individual Factors and Accident Causation Management Failures and Accident Causation Obesity and Accident Causation Swiss Cheese Model of Accident Causation Summary of Accident Causation Models and Applications CHAPTER 4: ROLES AND PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Modern Safety and Health Teams Safety and Health Manager Engineers and Safety Industrial Hygienist Health Physicist Occupational Physician Occupational Health Nurse Risk Manager Employees and Safety Certification of Safety and Health Professionals Other Safety and Health-Related Certifications Emerging Role of Safety Professionals CHAPTER 5: THE OSH ACT, STANDARDS, AND LIABILITY Rationale for the OSH Act OSHA''s Mission and Purpose OSH Act Coverage OSHA Standards OSHA''s Record Keeping and Reporting Keeping Employees Informed Workplace Inspections and Enforcement OSHA''S Whistleblower Program OSHA''s Enhanced Enforcement Policy Citations and Penalties OSHA Fines: How Much and Where Does the Money Go? Appeals Process State-Level OSHA Programs Services Available from OSHA Employer Rights and Responsibilities Employee Rights and Responsibilities Keeping Up-to-Date on OSHA Problems with OSHA Other Agencies and Organizations OSHA''s General Industry Standards OSHA''s Maritime Standards OSHA''s Construction Standards Standards and Codes Laws and Liability OSHA''s Stand on Safety Incentives CHAPTER 6: WORKERS'' COMPENSATION Overview of Workers'' Compensation Historical Perspective Workers'' Compensation Legislation Modern Workers'' Compensation Workers'' Compensation Insurance Resolution of Workers'' Compensation Disputes Injuries and Workers'' Compensation Disabilities and Workers'' Compensation Monetary Benefits of Workers'' Compensation Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Medical Management of Workplace Injuries Administration and Case Management Cost Allocation Problems with Workers'' Compensation Spotting Workers'' Compensation Fraud and Abuse Future of Workers'' Compensation Cost-Reduction Strategies CHAPTER 7: ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING Types of Accident Investigations When to Investigate What to Investigate Who Should Investigate Conducting the Investigation Interviewing Witnesses Reporting Accidents Ten Accident Investigation Mistakes to Avoid CHAPTER 8: ERGONOMIC HAZARDS: MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) AND CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS (CTDs) Ergonomics Defined Human Factors and Ergonomic Hazards Factors Associated with Physical Stress Ergonomics: A Political Football OSHA''s Voluntary Ergonomics Guidelines Worksite Analysis Program for Ergonomics Hazard Prevention and Control Medical Management Program Training and Education Common Indicators of Problems Identifying Specific Ergonomic Problems Ergonomic Problem-Solving Strategies Economics of Ergonomics Cumulative Trauma Disorders/Soft Tissue Injuries Lifting Hazards Helpful Assessment Tools: NIOSH, RULA, REBA, and HAL Participatory Ergonomics CHAPTER 9: STRESS AND SAFETY Workplace Stress Defined Sources of Workplace Stress Human Reactions to Workplace Stress Measurement of Workplace Stress Shift Work, Stress, and Safety Improving Safety by Reducing Workplace Stress Stress in Safety Managers Stress and Workers'' Compensation CHAPTER 10: MECHANICAL HAZARDS AND MACHINE SAFEGUARDING Common Mechanical Injuries Safeguarding Defined OSHA''s Requirements for Machine Guarding Risk Assessment in Machine Operation Design Requirements for Safeguards Point-of-Operation Guards Point-of-Operation Devices How to Choose a Machine Guard or Device Machine Guarding Self-Assessment Feeding and Ejection Systems Robot Safeguards Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout Systems) Permanent Electrical Safety Devices in Lockout/Tagout Programs General Precautions Basic Program Content Taking Corrective Action CHAPTER 11: FALLING, IMPACT, ACCELERATION, AND VISION HAZARDS WITH APPROPRIATE PPE Causes of Falls Kinds of Falls Walking and Slipping Slip and Fall Prevention Programs OSHA Fall Protection Standards Ansi Z359 Fall Protection Code Ladder Safety What to Do After a Fall Monitor Fall Protection Equipment and Know Why It Fails Impact and Acceleration Hazards Standing Hazards Hand Protection Personal Protective Equipment Forklift Safety (Powered Industrial Trucks) CHAPTER 12: HAZARDS OF TEMPERATURE EXTREMES Thermal Comfort Heat Stress and Strain Cold Stress Burns and Their Effects Chemical Burns OSHA''s Guidelines for Hazards of Temperature Extremes CHAPTER 13: PRESSURE HAZARDS Pressure Hazards Defined Sources of Pressure Hazards Boilers and Pressure Hazards High-Temperature Water Hazards Hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels Hazards of High-Pressure Systems Cracking Hazards in Pressure Vessels Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels Pressure Dangers to Humans Decompression Procedures Measurement of Pressure Hazards Reduction of Pressure Hazards OSHA''s Standard and Guidelines for Pressure Hazards Confined Spaces and Pressure Vessels CHAPTER 14: ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical Hazards Defined Sources of Electrical Hazards Electrical Hazards to Humans Detection of Electrical Hazards Reduction of Electrical Hazards OSHA''s Electrical Standards Electrical Safety Program Electrical Hazards Self-Assessment Prevention of Arc Flash Injuries Training Requirements for Workers Permanent Electrical Safety Devices Hazards of Power Strips and Daisy Chains CHAPTER 15: FIRE HAZARDS AND LIFE SAFETY Fire Hazards Defined Sources of Fire Hazards Fire Dangers to Humans Detection of Fire Hazards Reduction of Fire Hazards Development of Fire Safety Standards OSHA Fire Standards OSHA and Fire Prevention Plans OSHA Requirements for Exit Routes Life Safety Basic Requirements Flame-Resistant Clothing Fire Safety Programs Response and Fire Drills Explosive Hazards OSHA''s Firefighting Options Self-Assessment in Fire Protection Hot Work Program CHAPTER 16: INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND CONFINED SPACES Overview of Industrial Hygiene Industrial Hygiene Standards OSH Act and Industrial Hygiene Hazards in the Workplace Toxic Substances Defined Entry Points for Toxic Agents Effects of Toxic Substances Relationship of Doses and Responses Airborne Contaminants Effects of Airborne Toxics Effects of Carcinogens Asbestos Hazards Indoor Air Quality and "Sick-Building" Syndrome Toxic Mold and Indoor Air Quality ASTM D7338: Guide for the Assessment of Fungal Growth in Buildings Threshold Limit Values Hazard Recognition and Evaluation Prevention and Control NIOSH and Industrial Hygiene NIOSH Guidelines for Respirators Standards and Regulations Environmental Protection Agency Risk Management Program General Safety Precautions Nanoscale Materials and Industrial Hygiene Confined Space Hazards OSHA Confined Space Standard OSHA''s Hazard Communication Standard CHAPTER 17: VIOLENCE IN THE WORKPLACE Occupational Safety and Workplace Violence: The Relationship Workplace Violence: Definitions Legal Considerations Risk-Reduction Strategies OSHA''s Voluntary Guidelines on Workplace Violence Active Shooter Respons.