Acknowledgements Introduction How to Use the Handbook Biogeography How Did Mammals Arrive in Madagascar? Regions and Habitats of Madagascar Lowland Rainforest and Littoral Forest Mid-Elevation Montane Rainforest High-Elevation Montane Rainforest Sclerophyllous Forest and High Mountain Thicket Seasonal Humid Forest (Sambirano) Dry Deciduous Forest Subarid Thorn Scrub or Spiny Forest Mangroves Grasslands and Palm Savannahs THE MAMMALS OF MADAGASCAR Overview Taxonomy The Species Conundrum Classification of the Extant Mammals of Madagascar Tenrecs, Order Afrosoricida Family Tenrecidae Subfamily Tenrecinae Subfamily Geogalinae Subfamily Oryzorictinae Bats, Order Chiroptera Suborder Pteropodiformes (Yinpterochiroptera) Family Pteropodidae Family Rhinonycteridae Family Hipposideridae Suborder Vespertilioniformes (Yangoterochiroptera) Family Emballonuridae Family Nycteridae Family Myzopodidae Family Molossidae Family Miniopteridae Family Vespertilionidae Lemurs, Order Primates Infraorder Lemuriformes Family Cheirogaleidae Family Lepilemuridae Family Lemuridae Family Indriidae Infraorder Chiromyiformes Family Daubentoniidae Malagasy Carnivorans, Order Carnivora Family Eupleridae Subfamily Eupleriinae Subfamily Galidiinae Rodents, Order Rodentia Family Nesomyidae Subfamily Nesomyinae Non-Native Mammals Non-Native Rodents Old World Rats and Mice Non-Native Carnivorans True Civets Domestic Dogs Feral Cats Non-Native Insectivores Shrews Hoofed Mammals Wild Pigs Domestic Stock Deer Threats to Madagascar's Mammals Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Habitat Degradation Mining Operations Hunting and Bushment The Illegal Pet Trade Intrusion by Non-Native Species Conservation and the Island's Protected Areas Parks and Reserves Important Mammal Watching Sites Rainforest Areas Deciduous Forest Areas Spiny Forest Areas The Extinct Mammal Fauna Middle Jurassic Mammals Late Cretaceous Mammals Quaternary Mammals Order Bibymalagasia Order Afrosoricida Order Chiroptera Order Primates Infraorder Lemuriformes Order Carnivora Order Artiodactyla Order Rodentia Classification of Extinct Subfossil Mammals Glossary Species Checklists General Bibliography Photo Credits Index.