A SHORT HISTORY OF SHOT GLASSES BY MARK PICKVET Tiny glass vessels were once filled with lead shot and were then used to clean and support quill pens. This origin of the word shot had its begin­nings in Europe. The shot glass is an American term for a tiny drinking vessel used for serving whiskey in single measures. Before the widespread use of the word shot in the late nineteenth century, there were a variety of other terms used to describe them. Dram glasses and firing glasses were popular in England dating back to the early eighteenth century. Dram glasses were cheaply made of thin metals and broke easily but were used heavily in the practice of dramming. Dramming involved drinking several small toasts of rum, gin, brandy, or whiskey in succession, ordinarily in lodges, taverns, and even specialty dram shops. Firing glasses were stronger articles of thick glass, particularly the bottoms.

They could withstand considerable abuse and were typically slammed bottom up on the table after each successive toast. The resulting noise was comparable to that of a musket firing, hence the name firing glass . In America, toy whiskey tasters was the term for the first generation of tiny whiskey tumblers because they were so small (most had a capacity of barely an ounce). They date back to the 1830s and were used for sampling whiskey. One of the most significant eras in shot-glass history began in the 1880s and lasted up to Prohibition when the amendment was ratified in 1919. Before Prohibition, clear or crystal shot-sized glasses were produced as a form of advertising. Naturally the advertising was alcohol-related and intended for propri­etors, distillers, store owners selling whiskey, pharmacists and doctors dispensing liquor, and patrons of saloons, clubs, and so on. Salesmen, peddlers, and agents offered free samples of whatever product they were promoting in shot-sized glasses.

Other shot glasses were produced in cut crystal and garish carnival colors during the Depression era. A new style of shot glass was made during the 1920s and 1930s; it was 2 7/8 inches tall, narrower, held exactly one ounce, and had an incredibly thick bottom. But there were some with bottoms so thick their capacity was less than an ounce: customers often referred to them as cheaters . Manufacturers printed popular toasts on shot glasses, such as "Here's Looking at You," "Bottoms Up," "Down the Hatch," "Just a Swallow," and many others. In the post-Depression era, the decorated tumbler soon became the most popular medium for shot-glass production. Machine-applied enamels and heat-transfers were cheaply fused to shot glasses in huge numbers. Shot glasses decorated with advertising, sports teams, Christmas and other holiday motifs, plain patterns, and logos from tourist hot spots have characterized the post-Depression era. Production of thick, durable shot glasses for bar use has never wavered since the time of the firing glass.

  INTRODUCTION All recipes have been alphabetized for your convenience. Techniques for Mixing 1. Build: Pour one liquor on top of the other, per recipe, so that ingredients mix. 2. Layer: Pour the first ingredient, then hold a bar spoon slightly above it and pour the next ingredient so that the bottom layer is not pen­etrated. Repeat with each liquid ingredient. 3. Shake and strain: Shake with ice and strain.

4. Float: Similar to layering, except the floated ingredient is added to a finished drink and, unlike a layer, gradually blends in. *We do not recommend flaming any shooter. Publisher's Note: This book and the recipes contained herein are intended for those of a legal drinking age. Please drink responsibly and ensure you and your guests have a designated driver when consuming alcoholic beverages.