Preface xxvii Chapter 1 The Psychiatric Interview 1 Goals of the psychiatric interview 1 The psychiatric database 5 Database components 6 Identifying data 6 Chief complaint 6 History of the present illness 7 Past psychiatric history 7 Past medical history 7 Family history 7 Personal history 8 Mental status examination 9 Conduct of the interview 9 General features of psychiatric interviews 11 Setting 11 Verbal communication 11 Nonverbal communication 12 Listening and observation 12 Attitude and behavior of the interviewer 13 Structure of the interview 13 Chapter 2 Childhood Disorders: Intellectual Disability 17 Concept of intellectual disability 17 Prevalence of intellectual disability 19 Comorbidity patterns 19 Approaches to classification of the causation of intellectual disability 20 Elements of biomedical assessment 20 First stage work-up 20 History 21 Physical examination 22 Diagnostic studies 22 Prenatal diagnosis 23 Differential diagnosis of intellectual disability 23 Course and natural history of intellectual disability 23 Habilitation and treatment approaches to intellectual disability 23 Overall goals of treatment of persons with intellectual disability 25 Overall principles of treatment of persons with intellectual disability 25 Normalization principle 25 Right to community living 25 Employment of adults in the community according to their abilities 26 Use of normal community services and facilities 26 Advocacy and appropriate protective measures 26 Prevention of intellectual disability 26 Primary prevention 26 Secondary prevention 26 Tertiary prevention 26 Prevention of psychosocial dysfunction 26 Mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability 26 Behavior disorders 27 Special issues in the psychiatric assessment of persons with intellectual disability 27 Forensic and legal issues in intellectual disability 27 Noncriminal forensic issues 28 Guardianship 28 Parental competency in child protection cases 28 Overall goals of psychiatric treatment of persons with intellectual disability 28 Principles of pharmacological interventions in persons with intellectual disability 29 Psychosocial interventions 29 Programmatic and educational approaches 29 Psychotherapies 30 Comparison of DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 30 Chapter 3 Childhood Disorders: Learning and Motor Skills Disorders 31 Diagnosis 31 DSM-IV-TR criteria 32 Educational criteria 32 The educational curriculum and diagnosis 33 Differential diagnosis 34 Evaluation of the child or adolescent 34 Family evaluation 37 Environmental and cultural assessment 37 Epidemiology 38 Comorbidity patterns 38 Social problems 38 Treatment 38 Educational interventions 38 Educational interventions for developmental coordination disorders 38 Psychotherapeutic interventions 39 Education of the individual and family 39 Individual therapy 39 Family therapy 39 Social skills training 40 Use of medications 40 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 40 Chapter 4 Childhood Disorders: Communication Disorders 41 Expressive and mixed expressive-receptive language disorders 41 Diagnosis 41 Treatment 44 Phonological disorder 44 Diagnosis 44 Treatment 46 Stuttering 46 Diagnosis 46 Treatment 47 Communication disorder not otherwise specified 47 Comparison of DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 47 Chapter 5 Childhood Disorders: The Pervasive Developmental Disorders 49 Autistic disorder 49 Diagnosis 50 Treatment 53 Asperger''s disorder 55 Diagnosis 55 Treatment 56 Childhood disintegrative disorder 56 Diagnosis 56 Treatment 57 Rett''s Disorder 57 Diagnosis 57 Treatment 59 Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified 59 Diagnosis 59 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 59 Chapter 6 Childhood Disorders: Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders 61 Diagnosis 61 Definition and diagnostic/clinical features 61 Associated features and impairment 63 Assessment 63 Epidemiology 64 Comorbidity patterns 65 Course 65 Differential diagnosis 66 Treatment 67 Treatment goals 67 Somatic treatments 67 Psychosocial treatments 68 Comparing response to medication, psychosocial, and combination treatments 69 Treatment algorithms and practice guidelines 71 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 72 Chapter 7 Childhood Disorders: Feeding and Related Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood 73 Feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood 73 Diagnosis 73 Treatment 75 Rumination Disorder 76 Diagnosis 76 Treatment 77 Pica 78 Diagnosis 78 Treatment 79 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 79 Chapter 8 Childhood Disorders: Tic Disorders 81 Diagnosis 81 Diagnostic assessment 82 Course 83 Comorbidity 83 Differential diagnosis 84 Treatment 84 Psychoeducation 84 Treatment of co-occurring disorders 84 The suppression strategies 85 Clinically complex patients 86 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 86 Chapter 9 Childhood Disorders: Elimination Disorders and Childhood Anxiety Disorders 87 Enuresis 87 Definition 87 Course and natural history 87 Differential diagnosis 88 Assessment 89 Treatment 89 Assessment and management of diurnal enuresis 91 Encopresis 91 Definition 91 Course and natural history 91 Epidemiology 92 Differential diagnosis 92 Comorbidity 92 Treatment 93 Separation anxiety disorder 94 Definition 94 Natural history and course 94 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis 94 Treatment 95 Selective mutism 96 Definition 96 Epidemiology 96 Assessment 96 Treatment 97 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 97 Chapter 10 Stereotypic Movement Disorder and Reactive Attachment Disorder 99 Stereotypic movement disorder 99 Diagnosis 99 Treatment 100 Reactive attachment disorder 101 Diagnosis 101 Treatment 102 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 103 Chapter 11 Delirium, Dementia, and Other Cognitive Disorders 105 Delirium 105 Diagnosis 106 Course 107 Differential diagnosis 108 Delirium due to a general medical condition 108 Medication-induced delirium 109 Substance intoxication delirium 110 Substance withdrawal delirium 110 Delirium due to multiple etiologies 110 Treatment 111 Dementia 111 Diagnosis 112 Mental status examination 113 Physical and neurological examinations in dementia 114 Associated features 114 Course 115 Differential diagnosis 115 Treatment 116 Dementia of the Alzheimer''s Type (DAT) 118 Diagnosis 118 Laboratory and radiological findings 118 Treatment 119 Vascular Dementia 120 Treatment 121 Dementia due to other medical conditions 121 Dementia due to HIV disease 121 Dementia due to Pick''s disease 123 Dementia due to Parkinson''s disease 123 Dementia due to Huntington''s disease 124 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 124 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 124 Neurosyphilis 125 Dementia due to head trauma 125 Normal-pressure hydrocephalus 125 Wilson''s disease 125 Other medical conditions 126 Substance-induced persisting dementia 126 Diagnosis 126 Treatment 127 Dementia due to multiple etiologies 127 Amnestic disorders 127 Diagnosis 127 Differential diagnosis 128 Selected amnestic disorders 128 Treatment 129 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 129 Chapter 12 Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition 131 Psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition 133 Diagnosis 133 Treatment 135 Mood disorder due to a general medical condition with depressive features 135 Diagnosis 135 Treatment 136 Mood disorder due to a general medical condition with manic features 136 Diagnosis 136 Treatment 138 Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition with panic attacks or with generalized anxiety 138 Diagnosis 138 Treatment 139 Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition with obsessive-compulsive symptoms 139 Diagnosis 139 Treatment 140 Catatonic disorder due to a general medical condition 140 Diagnosis 140 Differential diagnosis 141 Personality change due to a general medical condition 141 Diagnosis 141 Differential diagnosis 143 Treatment 144 Mental disorder not otherwise specified due to a general medical condition 144 Comparison of DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 144 Chapter 13 General Approaches to Substance and Polydrug Use Dis.