*New to this edition 1 Reading Developing an Effective Reading Process Step 1: Prepare Yourself to Read the Selection Step 2: Read the Selection Step 3: Reread the Selection Step 4: Annotate the Selection An Example: Annotating Cherokee Paul McDonald''s "A View from the Bridge" * Cherokee Paul McDonald , A View from the Bridge Step 5: Analyze and Evaluate the SelectionThe Reading Process in Action: Thomas L. Friedman''s "My Favorite Teacher"About the Photographs and Visual Texts in This BookThe Reading-Writing Connection Reading as a Writer 2 Writing Developing an Effective Writing Process Step 1: Understand Your Assignment Finding a Subject Area and Focusing on a Topic Determine Your Purpose Know Your Audience Step 2: Gather Ideas and Formulate a Thesis Brainstorming Clustering Researching Rehearsing Ideas Formulating a Thesis Step 3: Organize and Write Your First Draft Determining a Strategy for Developing Your Essay Choosing Strategies across the Disciplines Writing Your First Draft Academic Writing Step 4: Revise Your Essay Taking Advantage of Peer Critiques Revising the Larger Elements of Your Essay Writing Beginnings and Endings Revising the Smaller Elements of Your Essay Step 5: Edit and Proofread Your EssayA Student Essay in Progress Step 1: Keith''s Assignment Step 2: Keith''s Ideas Step 3: Keith''s First Draft Step 4: Keith''s Revised Essay Step 5: Keith''s Edited Essay Keith Eldred , Secular Mantras (student essay) 3 Writers on Writing Russell Baker , Discovering the Power of My Words Anne Lamott , Shitty First Drafts Linda Flower , Writing for an Audience William Zinsser , Simplicity * Susan Orlean , On Voice Stephen King , Reading to Write e-Pages * Jonathan Beer , Writing Process Animation 4 Narration What is Narration?Narration in Written TextsUsing Narration as a Writing StrategyUsing Narration across the DisciplinesSample Student Essay Using Narration as a Writing Strategy Laura LaPierre , Why Are You Here? (student essay)Suggestions for Using Narration as a Writing Strategy Planning Your Narration Essay Select a Topic That Has Meaning for You Determine Your Point and Purpose Establish a Context Choose the Most Appropriate Point of View Gather Details That "Show, Don''t Tell" Organizing Your Narration Essay Identify the Sequence of Events in Your Narrative Writing Your Narration Essay Keep Your Verb Tense Consistent Use Narrative Time for Emphasis Use Transitional Words to Clarify Narrative Sequence Use Dialogue to Bring Your Narrative to Life Revising and Editing Your Narration Essay Share Your Draft with Others Question Your Own Work While Revising and Editing Malcolm X , Coming to an Awareness of Language* Elisa Mala , Crime Family David P. Bardeen , Not Close Enough for Comfort Barry Winston , Stranger Than True* Jennifer 8. Lee , For Immigrant Family, No Easy Journey e-Pages *Lt. Dan Choi , Don''t Tell, Martha!Writing Suggestions for Narration 5 Description What is Description?Description in Written TextsUsing Description as a Writing StrategyUsing Description across the DisciplinesSample Student Essay Using Description as a Writing Strategy James C. Tassé , Trailcheck (student essay)Suggestions for Using Description as a Writing Strategy Planning Your Description Essay Determine a Purpose Use Description in the Service of an Idea Organizing Your Description Essay Create a Dominant Impression Organize Your Details to Create a Vivid Picture Revising and Editing Your Description Essay Show, Don''t Tell: Use Specific Nouns and Action Verbs Question Your Own Work While Revising and Editing Questions for Revising and Editing: Description* Jeannette Walls , A Woman on the Street Pat Mora , Remembering Lobo Robert Ramirez , The Barrio* E. B. White , Once More to the Lake Maya Angelou , Sister Flowers e-Pages *Vocativ , Tower of David Writing Suggestions for Description 6 Illustration What is Illustration?Illustration in Written TextsUsing Illustration as a Writing StrategyUsing Illustration across the DisciplinesSample Student Essay Using Illustration as a Writing Strategy Paula Kersch , Weight Management: More than a Matter of Good Looks (student essay)Suggestions for Using Illustration as a Writing Strategy Planning Your Illustration Essay Focus on Your Thesis or Main Idea Gather More Examples Than You Can Use Choose Relevant Examples Be Sure Your Examples Are Representative Organizing Your Illustration Essay Sequence Your Examples Logically Use Transitions Revising and Editing Your Illustration Essay Share Your Work with Others Question Your Own Work While Revising and Editing Questions for Revising and Editing: Illustration Natalie Goldberg , Be Specific* Kal Raustiala and Chris Sprigman , In Praise of Copycats Mitch Albom , If You Had One Day with Someone Who''s Gone* Firoozeh Dumas , Hot Dogs & Wild Geese Deborah Tannen , How to Give Orders Like a Man e-Pages * XPLANE , Did You Know?Writing Suggestions for Illustration 7 Process Analysis What is Process Analysis?Process Analysis in Written TextsUsing Process Analysis as a Writing Strategy Directional Process Analysis Informational Process Analysis Evaluative Process AnalysisUsing Process Analysis across the DisciplinesSample Student Essay Using Process Analysis as a Writing Strategy Shoshanna Lew , How (Not) to Be Selected for Jury Duty (student essay)Suggestions for Using Process Analysis as a Writing Strategy Planning Your Process Analysis Essay Know the Process You Are Writing About Have a Clear Purpose Organizing Your Process Analysis Essay Organize the Process into Steps Use Transitions to Link the Steps Revising and Editing Your Process Analysis Essay Energize Your Writing: Use the Active Voice and Strong Action Verbs Use Consistent Verb Tense Share Your Drafts with Others Question Your Own Work While Revising and Editing Questions for Revising and Editing: Process Analysis Mortimer Adler , How to Mark a Book Tiffany O''Callaghan , Young Love Michael Pollan , Eating Industrial Meat*<.