Contributors Foreword ( Lysle E. Johnston, Jr). Foreword ( Larry W. White). Preface Acknowledgments Dedication Introduction Development of Light Force Orthodontics: the Original Pin-a-slot Appliance as Ancestor to Modern Brackets ( Jeffrey S. Thompson and William J.Thompson ). Introduction Pin-a-slot appliances 1 Historical Aspects and Evolution of Ligation and Appliances ( Nigel Harradine).

Introduction Early ligatures Elastomeric ligatures Begg pins Self-ligation THE MATERIALS SCIENCE AND BIOMECHANICS OF SELF-LIGATION 2 The Significance of Bracket Material Properties in Orthodontic Mechanics ( Theodore Eliades, Spiros Zinelis and William A. Brantley). Introduction Bracket base Wings Base-wing joint Bracket slot 3 Biomechanics of Self-Ligation: Analysis of Forces and Moments Exerted by Self-ligating Brackets ( Nikolaos Pandis, Theodore Eliades and Christoph Bourauel). Introduction Forces generated during initial alignment with self-ligating and conventional brackets Forces generated by conventional and self-ligating brackets during simulated intrusion-extrusion and bucco-lingual correction Moments generated during simulated rotational correction with self-ligating and conventional brackets Consistency in the ligation force with active self-ligating brackets throughout treatment TREATMENT OUTCOME-CLINICAL PERFORMANCE 4 Essentials of Clinical Research Design ( Argy Polycrhonopoulou). Introduction Study design Non-experimental/observational studies Experimental studies/intervention studies Conclusion 5 Determinants of Tooth Movement: Molecular Response of Periodontal Ligament and Bone to Loading ( Efthimia K. Basdra). Introduction Periodontal ligament Orthodontic tooth movement 6 Efficiency and Treatment Outcome with Self-Ligating Brackets ( Nikolaos Pandis, Peter Miles and Theodore Eliades). Introduction Treatment duration Dental arch changes Torque delivery Space closure Handling efficiency Discomfort 7 Root Resorption in Orthodontics ( M.

Ali Darendeliler and Lam L. Cheng). Introduction History of OIIRR Incidence of OIIRR Location of OIIRR Severity of OIIRR Diagnosis of OIIRR Pathogenesis of OIIRR Light microscopy of OIIRR Scanning electron microscopy of OIIRR Biochemistry and molecular biology related to OIIRR Physical properties of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorbed cementum Factors affecting OIIRR Repair of OIIRR Orthodontic relapse and OIIRR Clinical consequences of OIIRR Prevention and management of OIIRR 8 Root Resorption with Self-Ligating Brackets ( Maria Mavragani, Nikolaos Pandis and Theodore Eliades). Introduction Relevant literature Potential factors affecting OIIRR 9 Attachment of Oral Microbiota to Dental Surfaces ( Daniel J. Smith). Introduction The oral bacterial challenge Salivary component interactions with oral bacteria Adaptive immunity in the oral cavity 10 Salivary Levels of Cariogenic Bacteria in Patients Treated with Self-Ligating and Conventional Brackets ( William Papaioannou, Nikolaos Pandis and Theodore Eliades). Introduction Effect of orthodontic therapy on oral cariogenic bacteria 11 Periodontal Impact of Orthodontic Treatment with Self-Ligating Brackets (Jan van Gastel, Marc Quirynen, Wim Teughels and Carine Carels). Introduction Short-term effects Long-term effects Different bracket systems 12 Treatment Mechanics with Self-Ligating Brackets ( David Birnie).

Introduction Diagnostic philosophies Aspects of clinical biomechanics Archwire sequencing with self-ligating brackets Tooth movement Retention Index.