Preface xvii 1 Introduction to Robotics 1 Srinivas Kumar Palvadi, Pooja Dixit and Vishal Dutt 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 History and Evolution of Robots 3 1.3 Applications 6 1.4 Components Needed for a Robot 7 1.5 Robot Interaction and Navigation 10 1.5.1 Humanoid Robot 11 1.

5.2 Control 11 1.5.3 Autonomy Levels 12 1.6 Conclusion 12 References 13 2 Techniques in Robotics for Automation Using AI and IoT 15 Sandeep Kr. Sharma, N. Gayathri, S. Rakesh Kumar and Rajiv Kumar Modanval 2.

1 Introduction 16 2.2 Brief History of Robotics 16 2.3 Some General Terms 17 2.4 Requirements of AI and IoT for Robotic Automation 20 2.5 Role of AI and IoT in Robotics 21 2.6 Diagrammatic Representations of Some Robotic Systems 23 2.7 Algorithms Used in Robotics 25 2.8 Application of Robotics 27 2.

9 Case Studies 30 2.9.1 Sophia 30 2.9.2 ASIMO 30 2.9.3 Cheetah Robot 30 2.9.

4 IBM Watson 31 2.10 Conclusion 31 References 31 3 Robotics, AI and IoT in the Defense Sector 35 Rajiv Kumar Modanval, S. Rakesh Kumar, N. Gayathri and Sandeep Kr. Sharma 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 How Robotics Plays an Important Role in the Defense Sector 36 3.3 Review of the World''s Current Robotics Capabilities in the Defense Sector 38 3.

3.1 China 38 3.3.2 United State of America 39 3.3.3 Russia 40 3.3.4 India 41 3.

4 Application Areas of Robotics in Warfare 43 3.4.1 Autonomous Drones 43 3.4.2 Autonomous Tanks and Vehicles 44 3.4.3 Autonomous Ships and Submarines 45 3.4.

4 Humanoid Robot Soldiers 47 3.4.5 Armed Soldier Exoskeletons 48 3.5 Conclusion 50 3.6 Future Work 50 References 50 4 Robotics, AI and IoT in Medical and Healthcare Applications 53 Pooja Dixit, Manju Payal, Nidhi Goyal and Vishal Dutt 4.1 Introduction 53 4.1.1 Basics of AI 53 4.

1.1.1 AI in Healthcare 54 4.1.1.2 Current Trends of AI in Healthcare 55 4.1.1.

3 Limits of AI in Healthcare 56 4.1.2 Basics of Robotics 57 4.1.2.1 Robotics for Healthcare 57 4.1.3 Basics of IoT 59 4.

1.3.1 IoT Scenarios in Healthcare 60 4.1.3.2 Requirements of Security 61 4.2 AI, Robotics and IoT: A Logical Combination 62 4.2.

1 Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Healthcare 62 4.2.2 AI and Robotics 63 4.2.2.1 Limitation of Robotics in Medical Healthcare 66 4.2.3 IoT with Robotics 66 4.

2.3.1 Overview of IoMRT 67 4.2.3.2 Challenges of IoT Deployment 69 4.3 Essence of AI, IoT, and Robotics in Healthcare 70 4.4 Future Applications of Robotics, AI, and IoT 71 4.

5 Conclusion 72 References 72 5 Towards Analyzing Skill Transfer to Robots Based on Semantically Represented Activities of Humans 75 Devi.T, N. Deepa, S. Rakesh Kumar, R. Ganesan and N. Gayathri 5.1 Introduction 76 5.2 Related Work 77 5.

3 Overview of Proposed System 78 5.3.1 Visual Data Retrieval 79 5.3.2 Data Processing to Attain User Objective 80 5.3.3 Knowledge Base 82 5.3.

4 Robot Attaining User Goal 83 5.4 Results and Discussion 83 5.5 Conclusion 85 References 85 6 Healthcare Robots Enabled with IoT and Artificial Intelligence for Elderly Patients 87 S. Porkodi and D. Kesavaraja 6.1 Introduction 88 6.1.1 Past, Present, and Future 88 6.

1.2 Internet of Things 88 6.1.3 Artificial Intelligence 89 6.1.4 Using Robotics to Enhance Healthcare Services 89 6.2 Existing Robots in Healthcare 90 6.3 Challenges in Implementation and Providing Potential Solutions 90 6.

4 Robotic Solutions for Problems Facing the Elderly in Society 98 6.4.1 Solutions for Physical and Functional Challenges 98 6.4.2 Solutions for Cognitive Challenges 98 6.5 Healthcare Management 99 6.5.1 Internet of Things for Data Acquisition 99 6.

5.2 Robotics for Healthcare Assistance and Medication Management 102 6.5.3 Robotics for Psychological Issues 103 6.6 Conclusion and Future Directions 103 References 104 7 Robotics, AI, and the IoT in Defense Systems 109 Manju Payal, Pooja Dixit, T.V.M. Sairam and Nidhi Goyal 7.

1 AI in Defense 110 7.1.1 AI Terminology and Background 110 7.1.2 Systematic Sensing Applications 111 7.1.3 Overview of AI in Defense Systems 112 7.2 Overview of IoT in Defense Systems 114 7.

2.1 Role of IoT in Defense 116 7.2.2 Ministry of Defense Initiatives 117 7.2.3 IoT Defense Policy Challenges 117 7.3 Robotics in Defense 118 7.3.

1 Technical Challenges of Defense Robots 120 7.4 AI, Robotics, and IoT in Defense: A Logical Mix in Context 123 7.4.1 Combination of Robotics and IoT in Defense 123 7.4.2 Combination of Robotics and AI in Defense 124 7.5 Conclusion 126 References 127 8 Techniques of Robotics for Automation Using AI and the IoT 129 Kapil Chauhan and Vishal Dutt 8.1 Introduction 130 8.

2 Internet of Robotic Things Concept 131 8.3 Definitions of Commonly Used Terms 132 8.4 Procedures Used in Making a Robot 133 8.4.1 Analyzing Tasks 133 8.4.2 Designing Robots 134 8.4.

3 Computerized Reasoning 134 8.4.4 Combining Ideas to Make a Robot 134 8.4.5 Making a Robot 134 8.4.6 Designing Interfaces with Different Frameworks or Robots 134 8.5 IoRT Technologies 135 8.

6 Sensors and Actuators 137 8.7 Component Selection and Designing Parts 138 8.7.1 Robot and Controller Structure 140 8.8 Process Automation 141 8.8.1 Benefits of Process Automation 141 8.8.

2 Incorporating AI in Process Automation 141 8.9 Robots and Robotic Automation 142 8.10 Architecture of the Internet of Robotic Things 142 8.10.1 Concepts of Open Architecture Platforms 143 8.11 Basic Abilities 143 8.11.1 Discernment Capacity 143 8.

11.2 Motion Capacity 144 8.11.3 Manipulation Capacity 144 8.12 More Elevated Level Capacities 145 8.12.1 Decisional Self-Sufficiency 145 8.12.

2 Interaction Capacity 145 8.12.3 Cognitive Capacity 146 8.13 Conclusion 146 References 146 9 An Artificial Intelligence-Based Smart Task Responder: Android Robot for Human Instruction Using LSTM Technique 149 T. Devi, N. Deepa, SP. Chokkalingam, N. Gayathri and S.

Rakesh Kumar 9.1 Introduction 150 9.2 Literature Review 152 9.3 Proposed System 152 9.4 Results and Discussion 157 9.5 Conclusion 161 References 162 10 AI, IoT and Robotics in the Medical and Healthcare Field 165 V. Kavidha, N. Gayathri and S.

Rakesh Kumar 10.1 Introduction 165 10.2 A Survey of Robots and AI Used in the Health Sector 167 10.2.1 Surgical Robots 167 10.2.2 Exoskeletons 168 10.2.

3 Prosthetics 170 10.2.4 Artificial Organs 171 10.2.5 Pharmacy and Hospital Automation Robots 172 10.2.6 Social Robots 173 10.2.

7 Big Data Analytics 175 10.3 Sociotechnical Considerations 176 10.3.1 Sociotechnical Influence 176 10.3.2 Social Valence 177 10.3.3 The Paradox of Evidence-Based Reasoning 178 10.

4 Legal Considerations 180 10.4.1 Liability for Robotics, AI and IoT 180 10.4.2 Liability for Physicians Using Robotics, AI and IoT 181 10.4.3 Liability for Institutions Using Robotics, AI and IoT 182 10.5 Regulating Robotics, AI and IoT as Medical Devices 183 10.

6 Conclusion 185 References 185 11 Real-Time Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Human Body Temperature Detection Using Artificial Intelligence 189 K. Logu, T. Devi, N. Deepa, S. Rakesh Kumar and N. Gayathri 11.1 Introduction 190 11.2 Contactless Temperature 191 11.

2.1 Bolometers (IR-Based) 192 11.2.2 Thermopile Radiation Sensors (IR-Based) 193 11.2.3 Fiber-Optic Pyrometers 193 11.2.4 RGB Photocell 194 11.

2.5 3D Sensor 195 11.3 Fever Detection Camera 196 11.3.1 Facial Recognition 197 11.3.2 Geometric Approach 198 11.3.

3 Holistic Approach 198 11.3.4 Model-Based 198 11.3.5 Vascular Network 199 11.4 Simulation and Analysis 200 11.5 Conclusion 203 References 203 12 Drones in Smart Cities 205 Manju Payal, Pooja Dixit and Vishal Dutt 12.1 Introduction 206 12.

1.1 Overview of the Literature 206 12.2 Utilization of UAVs for Wireless Network 209 12.2.1 Use Cases for WN Using UAVs 209 12.2.2 Classifications and Types of UAVs 210 12.2.

3 Deployment of UAVS Using IoT Networks 213 12.2.4 IoT and 5G Sensor Technologies for UAVs 214 12.3 Introduced Framework 217 12.3.1 Architecture of UAV IoT 217 12.3.2 Ground Control Station 218 12.

3.3 Data Links 218 12.4 UAV IoT Applications 223 12.4.1 UAV Traffic Management 223 12.4.2 Situation Awareness 223 12.4.

3 Public Safety/Saving Lives 225 12.5 Conclusion 227 References 227 13 UAVs in Agriculture 229 DeepanshuSrivastava, S. RakeshKumar and N. Gayathri 13.1 Introduction 230 13.2 UAVs in Smart Farming and Take-Off Panel 230 13.2.1 Overview of Systems 230 13.

3 Introduction to UGV Systems and Planning 234 13.4 UAV-Hyperspectral for Agriculture 236 13.5 UAV-Based Multise.