Chapter 1 - Respiratory Signs Accessory muscle breathing Agonal respiration Apnoea Asymmetrical chest expansion Barrel chest Bradypnoea Breath Sounds (Vesicular or Normal) Bronchial breath sounds Reduced or Diminished Breath Sounds Crackles (rales) Dyspnoea Grunting Haemoptysis Hyperventilation Intercostal recession Kussmaul's breathing Orthopnoea Percussion Percussion: dullness Percussion: resonance/hyper-resonance Platypnoea/Orthodeoxia Pursed-lip breathing (PLB) Sputum Stridor Tachypnoea Tracheal tug Trepopnoea Vocal fremitus/tactile fremitus Vocal resonance Wheeze Chapter 2 - Cardiovascular Signs Apex beat Arterial pulse Bradycardia Capillary Return Decreased/Delayed Cheyne-Stokes breathing Clubbing Crackles (also rales) Cyanosis Jugular venous pressure (JVP) Peripheral oedema Skin Turgor - Decreased Tachycardia (sinus) Chapter 3 - Haematological/oncological Signs Ecchymoses, purpura and petechiae Lymphadenopathy Chapter 4 - Neurological Signs Gag reflex Photophobia Pinpoint pupils Chapter 5 - Gastroenterological Signs Ascites Bowel sounds: absent Bowel sounds: hyperactive (borborygmus) Coffee ground vomiting/bloody vomitus/haematemesis Guarding Haematuria Jaundice Melaena Oliguria/Anuria Chapter 6 - Endrocrinological Signs Bruising Hypotension Polydipsia Polyuria.