An Overview of the Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity and the Inflammatory Response Introduction History of immunology The immune system: an overview The evolution of the immune system Key points Antigens and Antibodies Introduction Antigens Antibodies Immunoglobulin classes Antigen-antibody interaction Key points The Complement System Introduction The classical and lectin pathways The alternative pathway The terminal pathway Biological consequences of complementactivation Tests of complement function Key points Serological Testing Introduction Serological tests Key points Cells and Tissues of the Immune System Introduction Primary lymphoid tissue Secondary lymphoid tissue Lymphocytes Distinguishing between immune cells Lymphocyte recirculation The common mucosal system Key points The Major Histocompatibility Complex Introduction Graft rejection Major histocompatibility antigens The major histocompatibility complex The inheritance of MHC MHC disease associations Other applications of tissue typing Key points Antigen Presentation and Cytokines Introduction Antigen presenting cells Antigen uptake Antigen processing and presentation Antigen presentation by CD1 Antigen presentation by B cells andnonprofessional APCs Cytokines Key points The Biology of T Lymphocytes Introduction The T-cell receptor T-cell development and maturation T-cell activation The role of CD4+ T lymphocytes Cytotoxicity Memory cells Lymphocytes Natural killer T cells Key points The Biology of B Lymphocytes Introduction Antigen recognition by B cells Development and maturation of B lymphocytes Activation of the B lymphocyte B-cell receptor diversity The immunoglobulin class switch Affinity maturation Kinetics of the humoral immune response B1 and B2 lymphocytes Memory B lymphocytes Monoclonal antibodies Key points Testing of Cellular Immune Function Introduction Lymphocyte stimulation tests Tests of cytotoxic function Tests of phagocytic cell function Key points Immune Suppression Introduction Antigen usage Antibody-mediated suppression The neuroendocrine-immunological loop Regulatory (suppressor) T lymphocytes Key points Hypersensitivity Mechanisms Introduction The Gell and Coombs classification of hypersensitivity Type I hypersensitivity Type II hypersensitivity Type III hypersensitivity Type IV hypersensitivity Key points The Immune Response to Infectious Agents Introduction The immune response to viral infection The immune response to bacterial infection The immune response to helminth infection The immune response to protozoal infection The immune response to fungal infection Key points Cancer Immunology and Immune System Neoplasia Introduction Tumour antigens The antitumour immune response Immunotherapy to enhance the antitumour immune response Tumours of the immune system Key points Immunological Tolerance Introduction Neonatal tolerance Adult tolerance Oral tolerance Oral tolerance as immunotherapy Self-tolerance Key points Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Disease Introduction Autoimmune disease The genetic basis for autoimmunity Age susceptibility to autoimmune disease Hormonal influence on autoimmunity Primary versus secondary autoimmune disease Immunodiagnostic tests for autoimmunity Key points Allergy Introduction Factors predisposing to allergic disease The hygiene hypothesis Allergic diseases in animals Diagnosis of allergic disease Key points Immune System Ontogeny and Neonatal Immunology Introduction Immune system ontogeny Passive transfer of maternal immune protection Neonatal vaccination Failure of passive transfer Primary immunodeficiency Neonatal isoerythrolysis Early life immune development Immunodeficiency Introduction Primary immunodeficiency Secondary immunodeficiency Key points Vaccination Introduction Passive immunization Active immunization Types of vaccine Future vaccine developments Basic principles of vaccination Adverse consequences of vaccination Key points Immunotherapy Introduction Immunosuppressive agents Immunostimulatory agents Allergen-specific immunotherapy Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy Recombinant cytokine therapy Cytokine gene therapy Monoclonal antibody therapy Antigen-specific immunotherapy Parasite therapy Gene therapy Stem cell therapy Adjunct immunotherapy Key points Case Studies in Clinical Immunology Introduction The basis of immune-mediated disease How common is immune-mediated disease? Immunodiagnosis Case 1. Canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia Case 2. Canine immune-mediated thrombocytopenia Case 3. Canine systemic lupus erythematosus Case 4. Feline blood transfusion Case 5. Feline multiple myeloma Case 6. Equine purpura haemorrhagica Case 7. Bovine thymic lymphoma Case 8.

Canine atopic dermatitis Case 9. Equine severe combined immunodeficienc Case 10. Canine lymphocytic thyroiditis Case 11. Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis Case 12. Canine drug reaction Case 13. Canine trapped neutrophil syndrome Case 14. Feline lymphoid leukaemia Case 15. Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis Index.