The Cold War division of western and eastern Europe which looked so entrenched in the late twentieth century has been rapidly and comprehensively consigned to the history books. But in its place Europe in the early twenty-first century faces a completely new and equally daunting set of security challenges. Terrorism, ethnic conflict, nuclear proliferation and a range of non-military challenges like global warming, infectious disease and organized crime all pose threats to Europe's security. While Cold War Europe effectively managed to remain - for all the tension - an area free from violent conflict, the ethnic wars in former Yugoslavia were a rude challenge to Europe as a 'zone of security', while the Madrid and London bombings in 2004 and 2005 provided chilling reminders of the potential for 9/11-style attacks in the European heartland. Andrew Cottey provides a systematic assessment of Europe's new security challenges, as well as those from beyond its borders, especially in coming to terms with a more assertive and unilateralist America, a recalcitrant Russia and the challenge of Islamic terrorism. Book jacket.