Foreword;Preface; What''s in This Book; What''s New in This Edition; Platform Notes; Other Books; Conventions Used in This Book; We''d Like to Hear from You; Acknowledgments for the First Edition; Acknowledgments for the Second Edition;Chapter 1: Strings; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1 Accessing Substrings; 1.2 Establishing a Default Value; 1.3 Exchanging Values Without Using Temporary Variables; 1.4 Converting Between Characters and Values; 1.5 Using Named Unicode Characters; 1.6 Processing a String One Character at a Time; 1.

7 Reversing a String by Word or Character; 1.8 Treating Unicode Combined Characters as Single Characters; 1.9 Canonicalizing Strings with Unicode Combined Characters; 1.10 Treating a Unicode String as Octets; 1.11 Expanding and Compressing Tabs; 1.12 Expanding Variables in User Input; 1.13 Controlling Case; 1.14 Properly Capitalizing a Title or Headline; 1.

15 Interpolating Functions and Expressions Within Strings; 1.16 Indenting Here Documents; 1.17 Reformatting Paragraphs; 1.18 Escaping Characters; 1.19 Trimming Blanks from the Ends of a String; 1.20 Parsing Comma-Separated Data; 1.21 Constant Variables; 1.22 Soundex Matching; 1.

23 Program: fixstyle; 1.24 Program: psgrep;Chapter 2: Numbers; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1 Checking Whether a String Is a Valid Number; 2.2 Rounding Floating-Point Numbers; 2.3 Comparing Floating-Point Numbers; 2.4 Operating on a Series of Integers; 2.5 Working with Roman Numerals; 2.

6 Generating Random Numbers; 2.7 Generating Repeatable Random Number Sequences; 2.8 Making Numbers Even More Random; 2.9 Generating Biased Random Numbers; 2.10 Doing Trigonometry in Degrees, Not Radians; 2.11 Calculating More Trigonometric Functions; 2.12 Taking Logarithms; 2.13 Multiplying Matrices; 2.

14 Using Complex Numbers; 2.15 Converting Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Numbers; 2.16 Putting Commas in Numbers; 2.17 Printing Correct Plurals; 2.18 Program: Calculating Prime Factors;Chapter 3: Dates and Times; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1 Finding Today''s Date; 3.2 Converting DMYHMS to Epoch Seconds; 3.

3 Converting Epoch Seconds to DMYHMS; 3.4 Adding to or Subtracting from a Date; 3.5 Difference of Two Dates; 3.6 Day in a Week/Month/Year or Week Number; 3.7 Parsing Dates and Times from Strings; 3.8 Printing a Date; 3.9 High-Resolution Timers; 3.10 Short Sleeps; 3.

11 Program: hopdelta;Chapter 4: Arrays; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1 Specifying a List in Your Program; 4.2 Printing a List with Commas; 4.3 Changing Array Size; 4.4 Implementing a Sparse Array; 4.5 Iterating Over an Array; 4.6 Iterating Over an Array by Reference; 4.

7 Extracting Unique Elements from a List; 4.8 Finding Elements in One Array but Not Another; 4.9 Computing Union, Intersection, or Difference of Unique Lists; 4.10 Appending One Array to Another; 4.11 Reversing an Array; 4.12 Processing Multiple Elements of an Array; 4.13 Finding the First List Element That Passes a Test; 4.14 Finding All Elements in an Array Matching Certain Criteria; 4.

15 Sorting an Array Numerically; 4.16 Sorting a List by Computable Field; 4.17 Implementing a Circular List; 4.18 Randomizing an Array; 4.19 Program: words; 4.20 Program: permute;Chapter 5: Hashes; 5.1 Introduction; 5.1 Adding an Element to a Hash; 5.

2 Testing for the Presence of a Key in a Hash; 5.3 Creating a Hash with Immutable Keys or Values; 5.4 Deleting from a Hash; 5.5 Traversing a Hash; 5.6 Printing a Hash; 5.7 Retrieving from a Hash in Insertion Order; 5.8 Hashes with Multiple Values per Key; 5.9 Inverting a Hash; 5.

10 Sorting a Hash; 5.11 Merging Hashes; 5.12 Finding Common or Different Keys in Two Hashes; 5.13 Hashing References; 5.14 Presizing a Hash; 5.15 Finding the Most Common Anything; 5.16 Representing Relationships Between Data; 5.17 Program: dutree;Chapter 6: Pattern Matching; 6.

1 Introduction; 6.1 Copying and Substituting Simultaneously; 6.2 Matching Letters; 6.3 Matching Words; 6.4 Commenting Regular Expressions; 6.5 Finding the Nth Occurrence of a Match; 6.6 Matching Within Multiple Lines; 6.7 Reading Records with a Separator; 6.

8 Extracting a Range of Lines; 6.9 Matching Shell Globs as Regular Expressions; 6.10 Speeding Up Interpolated Matches; 6.11 Testing for a Valid Pattern; 6.12 Honoring Locale Settings in Regular Expressions; 6.13 Approximate Matching; 6.14 Matching from Where the Last Pattern Left Off; 6.15 Greedy and Non-Greedy Matches; 6.

16 Detecting Doubled Words; 6.17 Matching Nested Patterns; 6.18 Expressing AND, OR, and NOT in a Single Pattern; 6.19 Matching a Valid Mail Address; 6.20 Matching Abbreviations; 6.21 Program: urlify; 6.22 Program: tcgrep; 6.23 Regular Expression Grab Bag;Chapter 7: File Access; 7.

1 Introduction; 7.1 Opening a File; 7.2 Opening Files with Unusual Filenames; 7.3 Expanding Tildes in Filenames; 7.4 Making Perl Report Filenames in Error Messages; 7.5 Storing Filehandles into Variables; 7.6 Writing a Subroutine That Takes Filehandles as Built-ins Do; 7.7 Caching Open Output Filehandles; 7.

8 Printing to Many Filehandles Simultaneously; 7.9 Opening and Closing File Descriptors by Number; 7.10 Copying Filehandles; 7.11 Creating Temporary Files; 7.12 Storing a File Inside Your Program Text; 7.13 Storing Multiple Files in the DATA Area; 7.14 Writing a Unix-Style Filter Program; 7.15 Modifying a File in Place with a Temporary File; 7.

16 Modifying a File in Place with the -i Switch; 7.17 Modifying a File in Place Without a Temporary File; 7.18 Locking a File; 7.19 Flushing Output; 7.20 Doing Non-Blocking I/O; 7.21 Determining the Number of Unread Bytes; 7.22 Reading from Many Filehandles Without Blocking; 7.23 Reading an Entire Line Without Blocking; 7.

24 Program: netlock; 7.25 Program: lockarea;Chapter 8: File Contents; 8.1 Introduction; 8.1 Reading Lines with Continuation Characters; 8.2 Counting Lines (or Paragraphs or Records) in a File; 8.3 Processing Every Word in a File; 8.4 Reading a File Backward by Line or Paragraph; 8.5 Trailing a Growing File; 8.

6 Picking a Random Line from a File; 8.7 Randomizing All Lines; 8.8 Reading a Particular Line in a File; 8.9 Processing Variable-Length Text Fields; 8.10 Removing the Last Line of a File; 8.11 Processing Binary Files; 8.12 Using Random-Access I/O; 8.13 Updating a Random-Access File; 8.

14 Reading a String from a Binary File; 8.15 Reading Fixed-Length Records; 8.16 Reading Configuration Files; 8.17 Testing a File for Trustworthiness; 8.18 Treating a File as an Array; 8.19 Setting the Default I/O Layers; 8.20 Reading or Writing Unicode from a Filehandle; 8.21 Converting Microsoft Text Files into Unicode; 8.

22 Comparing the Contents of Two Files; 8.23 Pretending a String Is a File; 8.24 Program: tailwtmp; 8.25 Program: tctee; 8.26 Program: laston; 8.27 Program: Flat File Indexes;Chapter 9: Directories; 9.1 Introduction; 9.1 Getting and Setting Timestamps; 9.

2 Deleting a File; 9.3 Copying or Moving a File; 9.4 Recognizing Two Names for the Same File; 9.5 Processing All Files in a Directory; 9.6 Globbing, or Getting a List of Filenames Matching a Pattern; 9.7 Processing All Files in a Directory Recursively; 9.8 Removing a Directory and Its Contents; 9.9 Renaming Files; 9.

10 Splitting a Filename into Its Component Parts; 9.11 Working with Symbolic File Permissions Instead of Octal Values; 9.12 Program: symirror; 9.13 Program: lst;Chapter 10: Subroutines; 10.1 Introduction; 10.1 Accessing Subroutine Arguments; 10.2 Making Variables Private to a Function; 10.3 Creating Persistent Private Variables; 10.

4 Determining Current Function Name; 10.5 Passing Arrays and Hashes by Reference; 10.6 Detecting Return Context; 10.7 Passing by Named Parameter; 10.8 Skipping Selected Return Values; 10.9 Returning More Than One Array or Hash; 10.10 Returning Failure; 10.11 Prototyping Functions; 10.

12 Handling Exceptions; 10.13 Saving Global Values; 10.14 Redefining a Function; 10.15 Trapping Undefined Function Calls with AUTOLOAD; 10.16 Nesting Subroutines; 10.17 Writing a Switch Statement; 10.18 Program: Sorting Your Mail;Chapter 11: References and Records; 11.1 Introduction; 11.

1 Taking References to Arrays; 11.2 Making Hashes of Arrays; 11.3 Taking References to Hashes; 11.4 Taking References to Functions; 11.5 Taking References to Scalars; 11.6 Creating Arrays of Scalar References; 11.7 Using Closures Instead of Objects; 11.8 Creating References to Methods; 11.

9 Constructing Records; 11.10 Reading and Writing Hash Records to Text Files; 11.11 Printing Data Structures; 11.12 Copying Data Structures; 11.13 Storing Data Structures to Disk; 11.14 Transparently Persistent Data Structures; 11.15 Coping with Circular Data Structures Using Weak References; 11.16 Program: Outlines; 11.

17 Program: Binary Trees;Chapter 12: Packages, Libraries, and Modules; 12.1 Introduction; 12.1 Defining a Module''s Interface; 12.2 Trapping Errors in require or use; 12.3 Delaying use Until Runtime; 12.4 Making Variables Private to a Module; 12.5 Making Functions Private to a Module; 12.6 Determining the Caller''s Package; 12.

7 Automating Module Cleanup; 12.8 Keeping Your Own Module Directory; 12.9 Preparing a Module for Distribution; 12.10 Speeding Module Loading with SelfLoader; 12.11 Speeding Up Module Loading with Autoloader; 12.12 Overriding Built-in Functions; 12.13 Overriding a Built-in Function in All Packages; 12.14 Reporting Errors and Warnings Like Built-ins; 12.

15 Customizing Warnings; 12.16 Referring to Packages Indirectly; 12.17 Using h2ph to Translate C #include Files; 12.18 Using h2xs to Make a Module with C Code; 12.19 Writing Extensions in C with Inline::C; 12.20 Documenting Your Module with Pod; 12.21 Building and Installing a CPAN Module; 12.22 Example: Module Template; 12.

23 Program: Finding Versions and Descriptions of Installed Modules;Chapter 13: Classes, Objects, and Ties; 13.1 Introduction; 13.1 Constructing an Object; 13.2 Destroying an Object; 13.3 Managing Instance Data; 13.4 Managing Class Data; 13.5 Using Classes as Structs; 13.6 Cloning Constructors; 13.

7 Copy Constructors; 13.8 Invoking Methods Indirectly; 13.9 Dete.