DIAGNOSTICS Of PLASMA PERTURBATIONS BY USING DOPPLER RADIO SOUNDING Perturbations in the Ionosphere Caused by Rocket Launches Overview Properties and Parameters of the Lower, Middle, and Outer Ionospheres Peculiarities of the Interaction of Moving SVs with the Ionosphere Cosmodromes and Types of Rockets Large-Scale Perturbations in RL and Flight¿Doppler Spectra Analysis Global Perturbations in Rocket Flights and SV Maneuvers Global Perturbations during Landing of SVs Discussion of Results Large-Scale Disturbances Global Disturbances Global Effects during Landing of SVs Main Results References Perturbations in the Background of a Magnetic Storm Overview Magnetic Storm Phenomenon Perturbation of the Ambient Geomagnetic Field by a Moving SV Results of Observations Using Different Radiophysical Techniques Partial Reflection Method Doppler Sounding Method Discussions on the Result of Observations Effects at the F -Region of the Ionosphere Effects in the D -Region of the Ionosphere Main Results References Wave Disturbance Transport Caused by Rocket Launches Accompanied by Solar Terminator Overview Results of Observations Rocket Launches Passage of the Solar Terminator Results of Statistical Analysis Rocket Launches Passing of the Solar Terminator Transportation of Perturbations¿Types of Waves Acoustic Gravity Waves Slow MHD Waves Gyrotropic Waves Magnetic-Gradient Waves Discussion of Results Passing of Solar Terminator Rocket Launches Magnitude of Disturbance Main Results References DIAGNOSTICS Of PLASMA WAVE DISTURBANCES BY INCOHERENT SCATTER AND DOPPLER RADARS Perturbations in the Middle and Outer Ionosphere Overview Method of Identification of Wave Disturbances Method of IS Method of Doppler Sounding Processes in the Ionosphere That Accompany Soyuz Launch Observations on Use of ISR Observations by the DR Processes in the Ionosphere Accompanying Space Shuttle Launch Observations by the ISR Observations by the DR Processes in the Ionosphere Accompanying Delta Launch Observations by the ISR Observations by the DR Discussion of Results Soyuz Launch Space Shuttle Launch Start of SV Delta Main Results References Results of Similar Types of Experiments Overview Method of Identification of Wave Disturbances Results of Observation of RLs from Russian Territory Soyuz Launch on October 18, 2003 Soyuz Launch on December 27, 2003 Soyuz Launch on January 29, 2004 Soyuz Launch on May 25, 2004 Proton Launch on December 10, 2003 Proton Launch on March 15, 2004 Proton Launch on June 17, 2004 Proton Launch on October 29, 2004 Proton Launch on February 3, 2005 Proton Launch on March 29, 2005 Results and Discussions Soyuz Launch on October 18, 2003 Soyuz Launch on December 27, 2003 Soyuz Launch on January 29, 2004 Soyuz Launch on May 25, 2004 Proton Launch on December 10, 2003 Proton Launch on March 15, 2004 Proton Launch on June 17, 2004 Proton Launch on October 10, 2004 Proton Launch on February 3, 2005 Proton Launch on March 29, 2005 References Cluster Diagnostics of Plasma Disturbances Overview Techniques and Methodology Conditions of Space Weather Results of Measurements and Signal Processing Spatiotemporal Characteristics Results of Spectral Analysis Results and Discussions Major Results References System Spectral Analysis of Plasma and Geomagnetic Perturbations Overview Spectral Analysis of Temporal Series General Presentation of the Adaptive Fourier Transform Resolution of the Signal Spectrum in the Period and Time Domains Peculiarities of the Adaptive Fourier Transform Condition of the Space Weather Results of Modeling of the Processes Methods and Techniques of Experimental Studies Results of Experimental Studies Sounding of the Ionosphere by Doppler Radar Sounding of the Ionosphere by Incoherent Scatter Radar Magnetometric Observations of WDs in the Ionosphere Results of the Spectral Analysis of Experimental Data Method of Doppler Sounding Method of Incoherent Scattering Spectral Analysis by Using a Magnetometer Discussion of the Results Effects of the Rocket Launches Radiophysical Methods Magnetometric Technique Effects of the Solar Terminator Major Results References DIAGNOSTICS OF GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Russian Cosmodromes Rocket Launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome Overview Method of Analysis Level of Magnetic Perturbations Results of Observations Soyuz Launch Proton Launches Results of the Statistical Analysis Theoretical Models General Information Mechanisms of Geomagnetic Disturbance Generation Modulation of the Ionospheric Currents Excitation of Charged Particles by Waves Results and Discussions Geomagnetic Effects of RLs from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Overview The Level of Magnetic Perturbation Results of Observations Rokot Launch Cosmos-3M Launch Soyuz Launch Molnia Launch Results of Statistical Analysis Results and Discussions Main Results References Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Cosmodromes Worldwide Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Chinese Cosmodromes Overview Level of Magnetic Perturbation Results of Observation Results of Statistical Analysis Results of Spectral Analysis Results and Discussions Geomagnetic Effects of RLs from Cape Canaveral and Kourou Cosmodromes Overview Level of Magnetic Perturbations Results of Observation Ariane-5 Launch Space Shuttle Launch Results of Spectral Analysis &nbs.