DIAGNOSTICS Of PLASMA PERTURBATIONS BY USING DOPPLER RADIO SOUNDING Perturbations in the Ionosphere Caused by Rocket Launches Overview Properties and Parameters of the Lower, Middle, and Outer Ionospheres Peculiarities of the Interaction of Moving SVs with the Ionosphere Cosmodromes and Types of Rockets Large-Scale Perturbations in RL and Flight--Doppler Spectra Analysis Global Perturbations in Rocket Flights and SV Maneuvers Global Perturbations during Landing of SVs Discussion of Results      Large-Scale Disturbances       Global Disturbances       Global Effects during Landing of SVs Main Results References Perturbations in the Background of a Magnetic Storm Overview       Magnetic Storm Phenomenon       Perturbation of the Ambient Geomagnetic Field by a Moving SV Results of Observations Using Different Radiophysical Techniques       Partial Reflection Method       Doppler Sounding Method Discussions on the Result of Observations      Effects at the F -Region of the Ionosphere       Effects in the D -Region of the Ionosphere Main Results References Wave Disturbance Transport Caused by Rocket Launches Accompanied by Solar Terminator Overview Results of Observations       Rocket Launches       Passage of the Solar Terminator Results of Statistical Analysis       Rocket Launches       Passing of the Solar Terminator Transportation of Perturbations--Types of Waves       Acoustic Gravity Waves       Slow MHD Waves       Gyrotropic Waves       Magnetic-Gradient Waves Discussion of Results       Passing of Solar Terminator       Rocket Launches       Magnitude of Disturbance Main Results References DIAGNOSTICS Of PLASMA WAVE DISTURBANCES BY INCOHERENT SCATTER AND DOPPLER RADARS Perturbations in the Middle and Outer Ionosphere Overview Method of Identification of Wave Disturbances       Method of IS       Method of Doppler Sounding Processes in the Ionosphere That Accompany Soyuz Launch       Observations on Use of ISR       Observations by the DR Processes in the Ionosphere Accompanying Space Shuttle Launch       Observations by the ISR      Observations by the DR Processes in the Ionosphere Accompanying Delta Launch       Observations by the ISR       Observations by the DR Discussion of Results       Soyuz Launch       Space Shuttle Launch       Start of SV Delta Main Results References Results of Similar Types of Experiments Overview Method of Identification of Wave Disturbances Results of Observation of RLs from Russian Territory       Soyuz Launch on October 18, 2003       Soyuz Launch on December 27, 2003       Soyuz Launch on January 29, 2004       Soyuz Launch on May 25, 2004       Proton Launch on December 10, 2003      Proton Launch on March 15, 2004       Proton Launch on June 17, 2004       Proton Launch on October 29, 2004       Proton Launch on February 3, 2005       Proton Launch on March 29, 2005 Results and Discussions       Soyuz Launch on October 18, 2003       Soyuz Launch on December 27, 2003       Soyuz Launch on January 29, 2004       Soyuz Launch on May 25, 2004       Proton Launch on December 10, 2003       Proton Launch on March 15, 2004       Proton Launch on June 17, 2004       Proton Launch on October 10, 2004       Proton Launch on February 3, 2005       Proton Launch on March 29, 2005 References Cluster Diagnostics of Plasma Disturbances Overview Techniques and Methodology Conditions of Space Weather Results of Measurements and Signal Processing       Spatiotemporal Characteristics       Results of Spectral Analysis Results and Discussions Major Results References System Spectral Analysis of Plasma and Geomagnetic Perturbations Overview Spectral Analysis of Temporal Series      General Presentation of the Adaptive Fourier Transform       Resolution of the Signal Spectrum in the Period and Time Domains       Peculiarities of the Adaptive Fourier Transform Condition of the Space Weather Results of Modeling of the Processes Methods and Techniques of Experimental Studies Results of Experimental Studies       Sounding of the Ionosphere by Doppler Radar       Sounding of the Ionosphere by Incoherent Scatter Radar       Magnetometric Observations of WDs in the Ionosphere Results of the Spectral Analysis of Experimental Data      Method of Doppler Sounding       Method of Incoherent Scattering       Spectral Analysis by Using a Magnetometer Discussion of the Results       Effects of the Rocket Launches            Radiophysical Methods            Magnetometric Technique       Effects of the Solar Terminator Major Results References DIAGNOSTICS OF GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Russian Cosmodromes Rocket Launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome       Overview       Method of Analysis       Level of Magnetic Perturbations       Results of Observations            Soyuz Launch            Proton Launches       Results of the Statistical Analysis       Theoretical Models            General Information            Mechanisms of Geomagnetic Disturbance Generation            Modulation of the Ionospheric Currents            Excitation of Charged Particles by Waves       Results and Discussions Geomagnetic Effects of RLs from Plesetsk Cosmodrome       Overview       The Level of Magnetic Perturbation      Results of Observations            Rokot Launch            Cosmos-3M Launch            Soyuz Launch            Molnia Launch       Results of Statistical Analysis       Results and Discussions Main Results References Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Cosmodromes Worldwide Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Chinese Cosmodromes      Overview       Level of Magnetic Perturbation       Results of Observation       Results of Statistical Analysis       Results of Spectral Analysis       Results and Discussions Geomagnetic Effects of RLs from Cape Canaveral and Kourou Cosmodromes       Overview       Level of Magnetic Perturbations       Results of Observation            Ariane-5 Launch            Space Shuttle Launch       Results of Spectral Analysis  &nb.