List of Tables List of Figures Preface 1. Introduction 2. Wild Guesses in an Era of Scientific Ignorance 3. The Ancient World 4. Monotheistic Religious Interpretations 5. The Descriptive Embryology of Male and Female Development 6. The Discovery of the Egg in Higher Eukaryotes 7. The Discovery of the Sperm in Higher Eukaryotes 8.

The Discovery of Sex Hormones 9. Ploidy Levels and Sex Determination 10. The Discovery of Sex Chromosomes 11. The Balance Theory of Sex Determination 12. The Discovery of Sex in Microorganisms 13. The History and Interpretations of Hermaphrodites and Intersexes 14. Dosage Compensation and the Sex Chromosomes 15. The Discovery of Human Sex Chromosome Conditions 16.

The Role of Sex Determining Genes 17. The Seven Sexes of Humans 18. The History of Homosexuality 19. The History of Behavioral Gender Assignment 20. The Evolution of Sex Determination 21. What Does It Mean to Have an Assigned Sex? 22. The Quest for a Unified Theory of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality Appendix: Secondary Literature and the Relation of Biology to Sex and Gender Glossary Index.