Section A: Introduction 1. Nutrition and common diseases 1.1 Human nutrition 1.2 Nutrition and obesity 1.3 Nutrition and cancer 1.4 Nutrition and diabetes 1.5 Nutrition and cardiovascular diseases 1.6 Impact of exercise 2.

Human genomic variation 2.1 Migration and evolutionary challenges of the modern human 2.2 Diversity of human populations 2.3 Genetic variants of the human genome 2.4 The HapMap Project and haplotype blocks 2.5 Genome-wide association studies 2.6 Whole genome sequencing and the 1000 Genomes Project Section B: Molecular genetic basis 3. Sensing nutrition 3.

1 Nutrient-sensing mechanisms 3.2 Nutrient-sensing via nuclear receptors 3.3 Functions and actions of PPARs 3.4 Integration of lipid metabolism by LXRs and FXR 3.5 Coordination of the immune response by VDR 3.6 Circadian control of metabolic processes 4. Nutrigenomics: Adapting the human genome to dietary changes and personalized nutrition 4.1 Definition of nutrigenomics 4.

2 Vitamin D and skin color 4.3 Human genetic adaption to dietary changes 4.4 Regulatory SNPs and quantitative traits 4.5 "Omics" analysis in nutrition sciences 4.6 Integrative personal omics profile 5. Nutritional epigenomics 5.1 Epigenetic mechanisms 5.2 Intermediary metabolism and epigenetic signaling 5.

3 One-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation 5.4 Nutrition-triggered transgenerational epigenetics in mice 5.5 Epigenetic programming in humans 6. Nutritional signaling and aging 6.1 Aging and conserved nutrient-sensing pathways 6.2 Neuroendocrine aging regulation in humans and other mammals 6.3 Caloric restriction from yeast to mammals 6.4 Properties and functions of sirtuins 6.

5 Cellular energy status sensing by AMPK 7. Chronic inflammation and metabolic stress 7.1 Central role of monocytes and macrophages 7.2 Acute and chronic inflammation 7.3 Reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation 7.4 M1 and M2 macrophages in adipose tissue 7.5 ER stress response Section C: Links to diseases 8. Obesity 8.

1 Definition of obesity 8.2 Adipogenesis 8.3 Energy homeostasis 8.4 Hormonal regulation of food anticipation 8.5 Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ 8.6 Inflammation in adipose tissue 8.7 Genetics of obesity 9. Glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and β cell failure 9.

1 Glucose homeostasis in health 9.2 Principles of insulin signaling 9.3 Central role of FOXO transcription factors 9.4 Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver 9.5 β cell failure 10. Diabetes 10.1 Definition of diabetes 10.2 Failure of glucose homeostasis in T2D and its treatment 10.

3 Genetics of T2D 10.4 Thrifty gene hypothesis 11. Hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemias 11.1 Hypertension 11.2 Mechanisms of atherosclerosis 11.3 Cholesterol metabolism and lipoproteins 11.4 Dyslipidemias 12. Metabolic syndrome 12.

1 Definitions of the metabolic syndrome 12.2 Whole body's perspective on the metabolic syndrome 12.3 Metabolic syndrome in key metabolic organs 12.4. Genetic and epigenetic basis of the metabolic syndrome.