Preface Maps, Tables, and Charts Introductions: Native Americans in American History Perspectives on the Past America''s Master Narrative Native American History: A Shared Past Working with Sources References Chapter 1: American History before Columbus Name Usage and Geographic Focus Determining What Came Before Precontact Population Creation Stories and Migration Theories Debates over Native Origins Glimpses of Precontact Societies West Coast Affluence Columbia Plateau Fishers Great Basin Foragers First Buffalo Hunters of the Plains First Farmers of the Southwest Farmers and Mound Builders of the Eastern Woodlands Emerging Tribes and Confederacies Seaborne Strangers Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS A Navajo Emergence Story and an Iroquois Creation Story Hastin Tlo''tsi hee, The Beginning John Norton, Iroquois Creation Story (c. 1816) PICTURE ESSAY: Early American Cities, Settlements, and Centers References Suggested Readings Chapter 2: The Invasions of America: Encounters, Epidemics, and Exchanges, 1492-1700s First Contacts and Mutual Appraisals Native America through the European Lens Enduring Images Columbian Exchanges Changing New World Landscapes Biological Catastrophes The Spanish Invasions A Mission for Gold and God Conquest of the Aztecs Searching for Other Empires North American Attempts to Colonize and Christianize Native Peoples Discover the French Commerce and Conflict Pelts and Priests English Footholds on the East Coast Securing a Beachhead in Virginia Making a New England Economic and Cultural Exchanges Indian Peoples in Colonial Societies Colonists in Indian Societies Fur Trades and Slave Trades The Impact of the Fur Trade The Cost of the Fur Trade Indian Slavery Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS Cooperation, Contagion, and Conflict in New England William Bradford (1590-1657), Of Plymouth Plantation Lion Gardener, Miantonomi Calls for United Action against the English (1642) A Jesuit Assesses the Hurons and a Mi''kmaq Assesses the French Jean de Brébeuf, The Mission to the Hurons (1635-1637) Chrestien LeClerq, A Mi''kmaq Questions French "Civilization" (1677) Picture Essay: Images of Spanish Invasion References Suggested Readings Chapter 3: War and Diplomacy in Colonial America, 1675-1763 A New World of Warfare and Words Two Indian Wars of Independence King Philip''s War The Pueblo War of Independence The Languages and Lessons of Indian Diplomacy Attempts at Diplomatic Balance Wars for America A World Transformed by War The French and English War Division within Tribal Communities Captives Taken, Captives Returned Responses to Change in the West: Power on the Plains Horses Transform the Plains Jostling for Position on the Plains At the Confluence of Guns and Horses War and Diplomacy on the Southern Plains Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS Indian Reasons for Going to War John Easton, Metacom Explains the Causes of "King Philip''s War," from A Relacion of the Indyan Warre (1675) Declaration of the Indian Juan (1681) Indian Responses to English Treaties Loron Sauguaarum, An Account of Negotiations Leading to the Casco Bay Treaty (1727) Canasatego, Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster (July 4, 1744) Imperial Conflict with the Senecas Tanaghrisson, Speech Defying the French Mary Jemison (Dickewamis), A Narrative of Her Life (1824) Picture Essay: Indian Diplomats in Eighteenth-Century London References Suggested Readings Chapter 4: Worlds Turned Upside Down, 1763-1800 Transforming the Map of North America Pontiac''s War: Indian Peoples Confront a New Empire Attempting to Draw a Line Native Americans and the American Revolution Divided Loyalties Treaties of Peace and Conquest Confronting an Expanding Nation The United States Develops an Indian -- and a Land -- Policy Indian Nations Build a United Defense Upheavals in the West Emerging and Colliding Powers on the Plains California Missions The Pacific Northwest Pelt Rush Smallpox Used Them Up Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS The Revolution Divides the Iroquois and the Cherokees An Oneida Declaration of Neutrality (1775) Henry Stuart, Report from Cherokee Country (1776) An Indian Solution to the Conflict over Indian Lands Western Indians, Message to the Commissioners of the United States (1793) Smallpox Strikes the Blackfeet Saukamappee, Death Came over Us All PICTURE ESSAY: Revolutionary Leaders and Founding Fathers References Suggested Readings Chapter 5: Native Nations and the New Nation, 1800-1840 Accommodating and Resisting Change Adapting to New Ways The Last Phases of United Resistance Lewis and Clark in Indian Country Encounters on the Missouri Over the Mountains and Back Indian Removals Roots of the Removal Policy The Cherokee Resistance Implementing Removal in the South Removal in the North Surviving "behind the Frontier": Race, Class, and History in Nineteenth-Century New England Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS The Duplicity of Jefferson and the Vision of Tecumseh Thomas Jefferson, Confidential Letter to Governor William Henry Harrison, February 27, 1803 Tecumseh, Speech to the Osages (c. 1811) Cherokee Women Oppose Removal Cherokee Women, Petition (May 2, 1817, June 30, 1818) Foundations of Federal Indian Law and a Native Response John Marshall, Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia (1831) and Worcester v. Georgia (1832) John Ross, Reactions to Worcester v. Georgia: Letter to Richard Taylor, John Baldridge, Sleeping Rabbit, Sicketowee, and Wahachee (April 28, 1832) PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Life on the Upper Missouri: A Catlin/Bodmer Portfolio References Suggested Readings Chapter 6: Defending the West, 1840-1890 Invaders from the East: Incursions before the American Civil War The Ravages of Disease Ethnic Cleansing in Texas, c. 1836-1848 American Empire Reaches the Pacific Northwest, 1846-1856 Genocide and Exploitation in California Opening Clashes on the Plains, 1851-1856 Wars and Treaties, 1861-1874 Native American Experiences during the American Civil War Final Treaties and Ongoing Conflicts, 1866-1874 Land Seizure and Removal to Reservations Battles for Sacred Lands and Homelands, 1875-1878 The End of Apache Resistance Return of the Prophets Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS Sixty Years of Kiowa History The Dohasan Calendar (1832-1892) The Sioux, the Treaty of Fort Laramie, and the Black Hills Treaty with the Sioux -- Brulé, Oglala, Miniconjou, Yanktonai, Hunkpapa, Blackfeet, Cuthead, Two Kettle, Sans Arcs, and Santee -- and Arapaho (1868) Chief Joseph''s Plea for Freedom Chief Joseph, An Indian''s View of Indian Affairs (1879) PICTURE ESSAY: Scouts and Allies: The "Other Indians" in the Wars for the West References Suggested Readings Chapter 7: "Kill the Indian and Save the Man," 1870s-1924 Americanizing the American Indian Policies of Detribalization Resistance Takes New Forms The Dawes Allotment Act (1887) Indian Territory Becomes Oklahoma The Educational Assault on Indian Children Removing Children from the Tribe Life in the Schools Surviving the Schools, Using the Education The Two Worlds of Ohiyesa and Charles Eastman Native Americans Enter the Twentieth Century "I Still Live": Native Americans in American Society Cultural Expression and the American Way A New Generation of Leaders Soldiers and Citizens Oil and Citizenship Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS Two Indian Reformers View "the Indian Problem" Susette La Flesche, The Indian Question (1880) Carlos Montezuma, What Indians Must Do (1914) Two Sioux School Experiences Luther Standing Bear, What a School Could Have Been Established (1933) Zitkala-Sa, The Melancholy of Those Black Days (1921) PICTURE ESSAY: The Fort Marion Artists References Suggested Readings Chapter 8: From the Great Crash to Wounded Knee, 1929-1974 A New Era in Indian Affairs? John Collier and the Indian New Deal The Indian Reorganization Act Opposing and Disputing the IRA Native Americans and World War II Termination The Indian Claims Commission Removing the Government''s Trust Responsibilities Relocation and Urban Indians Drowning Homelands A Younger Generation Responds Upheaval in America The Rise of Indian Militancy The American Indian Movement Siege at Wounded Knee Legacies of Wounded Knee Reaching beyond the United States Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS Two Views from the BIA of the Indian Reorganization Act John Collier, An "Indian Renaissance," from the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1935) D''Arcy McNickle, Four Years of Indian Reorganization Native Americans in the Cities Ignatia Broker, Brough.