Preface Maps Tables, and Charts Introduction: American Indians in American History Perspectives on the Past America''s Master Narrative Indian History: A Shared Past Working with Sources A Note on Name Usage and Geographic Focus References Chapter 1: American History before Columbus Determining What Came Before Precontact Population Creation Stories and Migration Theories Debates over Native Origins Glimpses of Precontact Societies West Coast Affluence Columbia Plateau Fishers Great Basin Foragers First Buffalo Hunters of the Plains First Farmers of the Southwest Farmers and Mound Builders of the Eastern Woodlands Emerging Tribes and Confederacies Seaborne Strangers Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS A Navajo Emergence Story and an Iroquois Creation Story Hastin Tlo''tsi hee, The Beginning John Norton, Iroquois Creation Story (c. 1816) PICTURE ESSAY: Early American Cities, Settlements, and Centers The Ruins of Pueblo Bonito Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde Cahokia Mounds, c. a.d. 1150-1200 John White, Indian Village of Secoton (1585) Iroquois Longhouse References Suggested Readings Chapter 2 : The Invasions of America: Encounters, Epidemics, and Exchanges, 1492-1700s First Contacts and Mutual Appraisals Native America through the European Lens Enduring Images Columbian Exchanges Changing New World Landscapes Biological Catastrophes Indians Confront the Spanish A Mission for Gold and God Conquest of the Aztecs Searching for Other Empires North American Attempts to Colonize and Christianize The Pueblo War of Independence Indians Confront the French Commerce and Conflict Pelts and Priests Indians Confront the English Securing a Beachhead in Virginia Making a New England Economic and Cultural Exchanges Indians in Colonial Societies Colonists in Indian Societies Fur Trades and Slave Trades The Impact of the Fur Trade The Cost of the Fur Trade Indian Slavery Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS Cooperation, Contagion, and Conflict William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1590-1657) A Jesuit Assesses the Hurons and a Mi''kmaq Assesses the French Jean de Brébeuf, The Mission to the Hurons (1635-37) Chrestien LeClerq, A Mi''kmaq Questions French "Civilization" (1677) PICTURE ESSAY: Images of Spanish Invasion Theodore de Bry, Engraving depicting Christopher Columbus landing on Hispaniola (1592) A Tlaxcalan Depiction of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán''s Conquest of Northwestern Mexico, c. 1530 William Powell, The Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto in 1541 (1853) Spaniards on Horseback Johnathan Warm Day, The Last Supper References Suggested Readings Chapter 3 : War and Diplomacy in Colonial America, 1675-1763 A New World of Warfare and Words Two Indian Wars of Independence King Philip''s War The Pueblo War of Independence The Languages and Lessons of Indian Diplomacy Attempts at Diplomatic Balance Wars for America A World Transformed by War The French and English War Division within Tribal Communities Captives Taken, Captives Returned Responses to Change in the West: Indian Power on the Plains Horses Transform the Plains Jostling for Position on the Plains At the Confluence of Guns and Horses War and Diplomacy on the Southern Plains Conclusion Chapter review DOCUMENTS Indian Reasons for Going to War John Easton, Metacomet Explains the Causes of "King Philip''s War," from A Relacion of the Indyan Warre (1675) Declaration of the Indian Juan (1681) An English Treaty and a Penobscot Response Treaty between the Abenaki Indians and the English at Casco Bay (1727) Loron Sauguaarum, An Account of Negotiations Leading to the Casco Bay Treaty (1727) Imperial Conflict and the Senecas Tanaghrisson, Speech Defying the French Mary Jemison (Dickewamis), A Narrative of Her Life (1824) PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Diplomats in Eighteenth-Century London John Verelst, Tac Yec Neen Ho Gar Ton (Hendrick, "Emperor of the Six Nations") (1701) Isaac Basire, Seven Cherokees (1730) William Verelst, Creek Delegation Meets the Trustees of Georgia (1734) Francis Parsons, Cunne Shote (1762) Jonathan Spilsbury, after Mason Chamberlain, The Reverend Mr. Samson Occom (1768) References Suggested Readings Chapter 4 : Revolutions East and West, 1763-1800 Worlds Turned Upside Down Pontiac''s War: Indians Confront a New Empire Attempting to Draw a Line Indians and the American Revolution Indian Loyalties Divided Treaties of Peace and Conquest Indians Confront an Expanding Nation The United States Develops an Indian -- and a Land -- Policy Indians Build a United Defense Upheavals in the West Emerging and Colliding Powers on the Plains California Missions The Pacific Northwest Pelt Rush Smallpox Used Them Up Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS The Revolution Divides the Iroquois and the Cherokees An Oneida Declaration of Neutrality (1775) Henry Stuart, Report from Cherokee Country (1776) An Indian Solution to the Conflict over Indian Lands Western Indians, Message to the Commissioners of the United States (1793) Smallpox Strikes the Blackfeet Saukamappee, Death Came Over us All PICTURE ESSAY: Northwest Coast Indians on the Brink: The Drawings of John Webber John Webber, A View in Ship Cove, Nootka Sound (1778) John Webber, Interior of Habitation at Nootka Sound (1778) John Webber, A Woman of Nootka Sound (1778) John Webber, A Man of Nootka Sound (1778) John Webber, A Woman of Prince William''s Island (1778) John Webber, A Man of Oonalashka (1778) References Suggested Readings Chapter 5: American Indians and the New Nation, 1800-1840 Accommodating and Resisting Change Adapting to New Ways The Last Phases of United Indian Resistance Lewis and Clark in Indian Country Encounters on the Missouri Over the Mountains and Back Indian Removals Roots of the Removal Policy The Cherokee Resistance Implementing Removal in the South Removal in the North Surviving behind the Frontier: Race, Class, and History in Nineteenth-Century New England Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS The Vision of Techumseh Tecumseh, Speech to the Osages (c.1881) A Double Homicide at Two Medicine Meriwether Lewis, An Account of His Fight with the Blackfeet (1806) Cherokee Women Oppose Removal Cherokee Women, Petition (May 2, 1817) Cherokee Women, Petition (June 30, 1818) Foundations of Federal Indian Law and a Native Response John Marshall, Cherokee Nation v.

State of Georgia (1831) and Worcester v. Georgia (1832) John Ross, Reactions to Worcester v. Georgia: Letter to Richard Taylor, John Baldridge, Sleeping Rabbit, Sicketowee, and Wahachee (April 28, 1832) PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Life on the Upper Missouri: A Catlin/Bodmer Portfolio Karl Bodmer, The Interior of the Hut of a Mandan Chief Diagram of the Interior of an Earth Lodge George Catlin, Mint, a Pretty Girl Karl Bodmer, Pehriska-Ruhpa, Moennitarri Warrior, in the Costume of the Dog Dance George Catlin, Pigeon''s Egg Head (The Light) Going to and Returning from Washington References Suggested Readings Chapter 6: Defending the West, 1840-1890 Invaders from the East: Incursions before the American Civil War The Ravages of Disease Ethnic Cleansing in Texas, c. 1836-48 American Empire Reaches the Pacific Northwest, 1846-56 Genocide and Exploitation in California Opening Clashes on the Plains, 1851-56 Wars and Treaties, 1861-74 Indian Experiences during the American Civil War Final Treaties and Ongoing Conflicts, 1866-74 Land Seizure and Removal to Reservations Battles for Sacred Lands and Homelands, 1875-78 The End of Apache Resistance Different Strategies for Survival Indian Scouts and Allies Return of the Prophets Conclusion Chapter Review DOCUMENTS Sixty Years of Kiowa History The Dohasan Calendar (1832-92) The Sioux, the Treaty of Fort Laramie, and the Black Hills Treaty with the Sioux -- Brulé, Oglala, Miniconjou, Yanktonai, Hunkpapa, Blackfeet, Cuthead, Two Kettle, Sans Arcs, and Santee -- and Arapaho (1868) Chief Joseph''s Plea for Freedom Chief Joseph, An Indian''s View of Indian Affairs (1879) PICTURE ESSAY: The Battle of the Little Bighorn in Myth and History William Cary, The Death Struggle of General Custer (1876) Custer''s Last Stand (1904) Little Big Man (1970) Lakotas Fighting Custer''s Command Indian Memorial at Little Bighorn References Suggested Readings Chapter 7: "Kill the Indian and Save the Man," 1870s-1920s Americanizing the American Indian Policies of Detribalization Resistance Takes New Forms The Dawes Allotment Act (1887) Indian Territory Becomes Oklahoma The Educational Assault on Indian Children Removing Children from the Tribe Life in the Schools Surviving the Schools, Using the Education The Two Worlds of Ohiyesa and Charles Eastman Native Americans Enter the Twentieth Century