A GUIDED TOUR OF ERGONOMIC DESIGN About This Chapter Introduction What Is Ergonomic Design? Human-Centered Design Military Equipment Design Ergonomic Criteria Models of Human Performance Macroergonomics Carrots and Sticks Trends in Industry That Impact Ergonomic Design Organizations and Additional Information on Ergonomic Design Ergonomic Methods Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises THE HUMAN SYSTEM About This Chapter Introduction The Skeletal Subsystem The Muscles Body Movement The Sensory Subsystems Support Subsystems Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises DESIGN TO FIT TASKS, PROCESSES, AND PEOPLE About The Chapter Introduction Ergonomic Design Principles Visual Graphics of Operations Analysis of Tasks and Jobs Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT About the Chapter Introduction Cleanliness, Clutter, and Disorder Temperature and Humidity Lightening and Illumination Noise Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises DESIGN OF WORK AREAS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT About the Chapter Introduction Applied Anthropometry Design of Work Areas and Stations Office Design Design of Tools and Equipment Protective Equipment for the Operator Accommodating Handicapped People Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises METHODS IMPROVEMENT & MOTION ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL TASKS About the Chapter Introduction Methods Improvement Motion and Micromotion Study Manual Materials Handling Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE About the Chapter Introduction Some Probabilistic Assumptions Time Study Performance Leveling Determining Allowances Maintaining Standards Indirect Performance Measurement Criteria Other Than Time Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises PREDICTING HUMAN PERFORMANCE About the Chapter Introduction Synthetic Data Systems Standard Data Systems Cognitive Modeling Final Comments References Discussion Questions and Exercises MEASUREMENT OF LEARNING AND FORGETTING About This Chapter Introduction Performance Criteria and Experience Units Some Learning Curve Models Comparing Alternatives for Learnability The Correct Learning Curve Model Forgetting Curves Final Comments References Discussion Questions and Exercises SAMPLING METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS About This Chapter Introduction Activity Sampling Sampling Strategies Sequential Bayesian Work Sampling Final Comments References Discussion Questions and Exercises QUESTIONNAIRES AND INTERVIEW About the Chapter Introduction Questionnaire Design Interviews Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises SIMULATION IN ERGONOMIC DESIGN About the Chapter Introduction Essential Elements of Computer Simulation Cognitive Simulation Operator-in-the-Loop Simulation A Simulation Strategy Design of Simulation Experiments Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises DESIGN FOR CREW-TEAM OPERATIONS About the Chapter Introduction Industrial Work Teams Simulating Industrial Crews Research, Development, and Design Teams Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises ERGONOMICS IN MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR About the Chapter Introduction System Reliability and Availability Maintenance Programs Reducing Maintenance Effort Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises ERGONOMICS OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND USABILITY About the Chapter Introduction Quality Management & Customer Driven Design Usability Analysis & Testing Designed Experiments Final Remarks References Exercises and Discussion Questions INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL About the Chapter Introduction Some Common Types of Inspection Human Inspection Signal Detection Theory (SDT) Inspection Economics Improvement & Correction Strategies Final Comments References Discussion Questions and Exercises MACROERGONOMICS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH About This Chapter Introduction Some Historical Background Fundamental Concepts of Industrial Safety and Health Contemporary Occupational Health and Safety Management Hazards and Control Measures Warnings and Safety Programs Final Remarks References Discussion Questions and Exercises COMMUNICATION AND DISPLAY DESIGN About the Chapter Introduction Communication Theory Human Information Processing Display Design Final Comments References Discussion Questions and Exercises ERGONOMICS OF CONTROL About this Chapter Introduction Control Systems Manual Control Design of Controls Fuzzy Control Supervisory Control Final Comments References Some Discussion Questions DECISION MAKING & DECISION SUPPORT About This Chapter Introduction Classical or Normative Decision Theory Behavioral Decision Theory Naturalistic Decision Theory Group Decision Making Decision Support Final Remarks References PERSONNEL SELECTION, PLACEMENT, AND TRAINING About the Chapter Introduction Personnel Selection and Placement Training Job Aids Economic Considerations in Training Final Comments References Discussion and Exercise Questions Suggested Solutions DESIGN FOR COMPENSATION AND ACCOMMODATION About This Chapter Introduction Job Evaluation Measuring Productivity Wage Administration Job Design for Sub-Populations Final Remarks References Some Discussion Questions Some Exercises Solutions to Exercises Appendix A: Selling Ergonomics to Management Appendix B: Economic Analysis of Projects in Ergonomic Design and Management Appendix C: Some Probability Distributions Appendix D: Tables of Statistical Distributions Appendix E: Some Fundamentals of Statistical Regression and Correlation Appendix F: Fundamentals of Analysis of Variance.