Introduction xvii About the Author xix Chapter 1 Radiant Heating 1 Types of Radiant Panel Heating Systems 2 Floor Panel Systems 2 Ceiling Panel Systems 2 Wall Panel Systems 5 Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating 6 System Components 6 Designing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System 28 Coils and Coil Patterns 41 Installing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System (PEX Tubing) 44 Servicing and Maintaining Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating Systems 49 Troubleshooting Hydronic Floor Radiant Heating Systems 49 Hydronic Radiant Heating Snow- and Ice-Melting Systems 51 Electric Radiant Floor Heating 52 Installing Electric Heating Mats or Rolls 58 Installing Electric Cable 65 Servicing and Maintaining an Electric Radiant Floor Heating System 67 Troubleshooting Electric Radiant Floor Heating Systems 67 Cooling for Hydronic Radiant Floor Systems 68 Chapter 2 Radiators, Convectors, and Unit Heaters 71 Radiators 72 Radiator Efficiency 74 Radiator Heat Output 77 Sizing Radiators 78 Installing Radiators 79 Radiator Valves 86 Radiator Piping Connections 92 Vents and Venting 93 Steam Traps 99 Troubleshooting Radiators 99 Convectors 100 Convector Piping Connections 101 Hydronic Fan Convectors 106 Troubleshooting Hydronic Fan Convectors 106 Steam and Hot-Water Baseboard Heaters 107 Construction Details 108 Integral Fin-and-Tube Baseboard Heaters 112 Installing Baseboard Units 113 Baseboard Heater Maintenance 119 Electric Baseboard Heaters 119 Installing Electric Baseboard Heaters 124 Kickspace Heaters 127 Floor and Window Recessed Heaters 129 Unit Heaters 130 Unit Heater Piping Connections 135 Unit Heater Controls 138 Gas-Fired Unit Heaters 140 Oil-Fired Unit Heaters 141 Chapter 3 Fireplaces, Stoves, and Chimneys 145 Fireplaces 145 Fireplace Location 145 Fireplace Dimensions 146 Fireplace Construction Details 149 Firebox, Lintel, and Mantel 150 Fireplace Hearth 151 Ash Dump, Ashpit, and Cleanout Door 152 Smoke Chamber 152 Fireplace Dampers 153 Modified Fireplaces 156 Freestanding Fireplaces 157 Rumford Fireplace 158 Chimney Draft 162 Chimney Construction Details 164 Chimney Flues and Chimney Liners 165 Smoke Pipe 167 Cleanout Trap 168 Chimney Downdraft 168 Prefabricated Metal Chimneys 169 Troubleshooting Fireplaces and Chimneys 169 Stoves, Ranges, and Heaters 169 Installation Instructions 177 Operating Instructions 178 Chapter 4 Water Heaters 179 Types of Water Heaters 179 Direct-Fired Water Heaters 180 Automatic Storage Water Heaters 180 Multicoil Water Heaters 182 Multiflue Water Heaters 183 Instantaneous Water Heaters 184 Indirect Water Heaters 185 Quick-Recovery Heaters 189 Slow-Recovery Heaters 189 Heat Pump Water Heaters 190 Combination Water Heaters 191 Water Heater Construction Details 192 Water Storage Tanks 193 Tank Fittings 194 Dip Tubes 194 Anodes 197 Valves 197 Safety ReliefValves 197 Vacuum ReliefValve 206 Gas-Fired Water Heaters 209 Storage Capacity 209 Gas Burners 210 Automatic Controls on Gas-Fired Water Heaters 210 Combination Gas Valve 221 Installation and Operation of Gas-Fired Water Heaters 225 Hot-Water Circulating Methods 230 Building and Safety Code Requirements 230 Lighting and Operating Instructions 231 Installation and Maintenance Checklist 232 Troubleshooting Gas-Fired Water Heaters 233 Oil-Fired Water Heaters 238 Electric Water Heaters 240 Troubleshooting Electric Water Heaters 242 Manual Water Heaters 245 Assembly and Installation of Manual Water Heaters 246 Solar Water Heaters 246 Chapter 5 Heating Swimming Pools 249 Classifying Pool Heaters 251 Gas-Fired Pool Heaters 255 Oil-Fired Pool Heaters 259 Electric Pool Heaters 260 Heat-Exchanger Pool Heaters 263 Solar Pool Heaters 264 Heat Pump Pool Heaters 267 Sizing Pool Heaters 267 The Surface-Area Method 270 The Time-Rise Method 271 Sizing Indoor Pool Heaters 271 Installing Pool Heaters 271 Pool Heater Repair and Maintenance 273 Troubleshooting Pool Heaters and Equipment 274 Chapter 6 Ventilation Principles 281 The Motive Force 282 Inductive Action of the Wind 282 Induced Draft 285 Combined Force of Wind Effect and Thermal Effect 285 Mechanical Ventilation 287 Air Ventilation Requirements 287 Roof Ventilators 289 Types of Roof Ventilators 289 Stationary-Head Ventilators 290 Revolving Ventilators 290 Turbine Ventilators 291 Ridge Ventilators 293 Siphonage Ventilators 294 Fan Ventilators 294 Components of a Roof Ventilator 295 Motive Force to Cause Air Circulation 296 Capacity of Ventilators 296 Design and Placement of Inlet Air Openings 298 Fresh Air Requirements 299 Ventilator Bases 299 Angle Rings 302 Stiffener Angles 303 Prefabricated Roof Curbs 303 Ventilator Dampers 304 Louver Dampers 305 Sliding Sleeve Dampers 306 Sliding Cone Dampers 306 Butterfly Dampers 306 Method of Calculating Number and Size of Ventilators Required 307 Ventilator Calculation Examples 308 Air Leakage 309 Garage Ventilation 310 Ventilation of Kitchens 311 General Ventilation Rules 312 Chapter 7 Ventilation and Exhaust Fans 315 Codes and Standards 315 Definitions 315 Types of Fans 317 Furnace Blowers 319 Basic Fan Laws 319 Series and Parallel Fan Operation 321 Fan Performance Curves 322 General Ventilation 322 Determining CFM by the Air-Change Method 323 Determining CFM by the Heat Removal Method 325 Determining Air Intake 326 Screen Efficiency 326 Static Pressure 327 Local Ventilation 328 Exhaust-Hood Design Recommendations 332 Fan Motors 333 Troubleshooting Fans 337 Fan Selection 341 Fan Installation 344 Fan Installation Checklist 344 Air Volume Control 347 Noise Control 347 Fan Applications 347 Attic Ventilating Fans 348 Exhaust Fans 355 Kitchen Exhaust Fans 355 Bathroom Exhaust Fans 356 Whole-House Ventilation 356 Chapter 8 Air-Conditioning 361 Properties of Air 362 Humidity 362 Temperature 365 Pressure 368 Compression and Cooling 370 Measuring the Physical Properties of Air 372 Cleaning and Filtering the Air 374 Standards of Comfort 376 The Comfort Chart 377 Cooling Load Estimate Form 379 Indoor-Outdoor Design Conditions 383 Ventilation Requirements 384 Cooling a Structure 386 External Sources of Heat 386 Internal Sources of Heat 392 Calculating Infiltration and Ventilation Heat Gain 394 Rule-of-Thumb Methods for Sizing Air Conditioners 394 HVAC Contractor''s Cooling Load Estimate 395 Using the ACCA Design Manuals for Sizing Air-Conditioning Systems 396 Central Air-Conditioning 397 Cooling Methods 397 Central Air-Conditioning Applications 410 Room Air Conditioners 421 Chapter 9 Air-Conditioning Equipment 423 Mechanical Refrigeration Equipment 423 Compressors 424 Troubleshooting Compressors 430 Compressor Replacement 435 Electric Motors 435 Troubleshooting Electrical Motors 436 Gas Engines 437 Electrical Components 437 Troubleshooting Electrical Components 438 Condenser 439 Condenser Service and Maintenance 442 Troubleshooting Condensers 443 Receiver 443 Evaporator 447 Evaporator Service and Maintenance 447 Troubleshooting Evaporators 447 Refrigerants 448 Liquid Refrigerant Control Devices 449 Automatic Expansion Valves 449 Thermostatic Expansion Valves 450 Float Valves 453 Capillary Tubes 454 Refrigerant Piping 454 Refrigerant Piping Service and Maintenance 455 Troubleshooting Refrigerant Piping 456 Filters and Dryers 457 Pressure-Limiting Controls 457 Water-Regulating Valves 458 Automatic Controls 459 System Troubleshooting 459 General Servicing and Maintenance 460 Regular Maintenance 463 Pumping Down 464 Purging 464 Evacuating the System 464 Charging 465 Silver-Brazing Repairs 467 Chapter 10 Heat Pumps 471 Heat Pump Operating Principles 471 Heating Cycle 471 Cooling Cycle 473 Defrost Cycle 473 Types of Heat Pumps 476 Air-Source Heat Pumps 476 Ground-Source Heat Pumps 481 Water-Source Heat Pumps 483 Other Types of Heat Pumps 485 Gas-Fired Heat Pumps 485 Dual-Fuel Heat Pump System 486 Dual-Source Heat Pumps 486 Ductless Heat Pumps 487 Heat Pump Performance and Efficiency Ratings 487 Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) 488 Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) 488 Coefficiency of Performance (COP) 488 Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) 48.