Contents Note: Each chapter concludes with a Summary, Print Resources, Internet Resources, and References. I. Foundations of Instructional Design 1. The Professional Challenges of Teaching Section 1: A Snapshot of Teaching as a Profession Section 2: The Challenge of Reflective Teaching and Decision Making Section 3: Meeting Mandated Professional Standards 2. The Big Picture in Your Classroom: Focusing the Instruction Kaleidoscope Section 1: A Holistic View of Instruction Section 2: Three Perspectives on Instructional Decision Making Section 3: Educational Equity as the Big Picture II. Fundamental Tools for Instructional Planning 3. Objectives, Taxonomies, and Standards for Instruction Section 1: A Rationale for Planning as a Tool Section 2: Using a Cognitive Taxonomy as an Instructional Guide Section 3: Using Objectives to Guide Learners Section 4: Converting Standards to Objectives 4. Instructional Design Section 1: Overall Considerations for Instructional Planning Section 2: Instructional Planning Procedures Section 3: How Expert Teachers Plan 5.

Sequencing and Organizing Instruction Section 1: Basic Concepts Section 2: Models of Lesson Organization Section 3: Multimethodology as an Instructional Process III. Instruction as a Dynamic Process in Classrooms 6. Managing the Classroom Environment Section 1: The Goal of Managing a Classroom Section 2: Classroom Routines Section 3: A Continuum of Management Systems Section 4: Society and Classroom Management 7. The Process of Classroom Questioning Section 1: The Importance of Questioning Section 2: Questioning Strategies Section 3: Appropriate Questioning Behaviors Section 4: How Questioning Can Create a Dynamic Learning Environment Section 5: Common Challenges of Questioning 8. Small-Group Discussions and Cooperative Learning Section 1: Organizing and Initiating Discussion Groups Section 2: Six Basic Small-Group Discussion Types Section 3: Cooperative Learning 9. Inquiry Teaching and Higher-Level Thinking Section 1: Helping Students Become Better Thinkers Section 2: Inquiry Teaching Section 3: Methods for Developing Higher-Level Thinking Skills 10. Classroom Assessment Section 1: Basic Contexts and Concepts Section 2: Formative Classroom Assessment Section 3: Understanding Assessment Tools Section 4: Constructing Classroom Assessments Section 5: Grading to Improve Student Learning.