Contents: Introduction. Part I Youth Offending and Risk Factors: Hunting for the universal risk factor, Stephen Case and Kevin Haines; Power and powerlessness in transition, Monica Barry. Part II Punishment and Juvenile Offenders: Juvenile offenders, Thom Brooks. Part III Juvenile Offending and Sentencing: The inextricable link between age and criminal history in sentencing, Shawn D. Bushway and Anne Morrison Piehl; Deterrence as a principle of youth sentencing: no effect on youth but a significant effect on judges, Carla Cesaroni and Nicholas Bala; Envisioning a juvenile justice system that supports positive youth development, James M. Frabutt, Kristen L. Di Luca and Kelly N. Graves; Cruel and unusual punishment: mandatory sentencing of juveniles tried as adults without the possibility of youth as a mitigating factor, Alison Powers; Pre-sentence reports, magisterial discourse and agency in the youth courts of England and Wales, Jo Phoenix.

Part IV Youth Offenders and Restorative Justice: Restorative justice - is more better? The experience of police-led restorative cautioning pilots in Northern Ireland, David O¿Mahony and Jonathan Doak; Juvenile victims in restorative justice: findings from the reintegrative shaming experiments, Tali Gal and Shomrom Moyal; Restorative justice and youth justice in England and Wales: one step forward, two steps back, David O¿Mahony. Name index.