Introduction xxiii Assessment Test xliii Part I The LPI 201 Exam 1 Chapter 1 Starting a System 3 The Linux Boot Process 4 Following the Boot Process 4 Viewing the Boot Process 5 The Firmware Startup 6 The BIOS Startup 6 The UEFI Startup 7 Linux Bootloaders 8 GRUB Legacy 9 GRUB 2 12 Alternative Bootloaders 14 Secure Bootloaders 15 Process Initialization 16 The SysV Method 17 The systemd Method 21 The Upstart Method 26 System Recovery 27 Kernel Failures 27 Root Drive Failure 29 Summary 31 Exam Essentials 31 Review Questions 33 Chapter 2 Maintaining the System 37 Keeping Users Informed 38 Looking at Fluid Messaging 39 Looking at Static Messaging 47 Backing Up the System 51 Developing a Backup Strategy 51 Performing Backups 61 Installing Programs from Source 72 Obtaining the Installation Files 73 Unpacking the Installation Files 73 Reading Installation Documentation 74 Compiling Preparation 75 Compiling the Program 76 Completing the Installation 76 Managing Resource Usage 79 Measuring Resource Usage 79 Predicting Resource Usage 83 Troubleshooting Resource Usage 85 Summary 87 Exam Essentials 87 Review Questions 89 Chapter 3 Mastering the Kernel 93 What Is the Kernel? 94 The Kernel Features 94 Parts of the Kernel 104 Kernel Versions 107 Compiling a Kernel 108 Obtaining Source Code 109 Creating the Configuration File 110 Compiling and Installing the Kernel 114 Compiling and Installing Modules 116 Creating an Initial RAM Disk 116 Booting the New Kernel 118 Creating a Kernel Package 119 Maintaining the Kernel 120 Working with Module Files 120 Module Commands 120 Working with Hardware 125 Automatically Detecting Hardware 128 Troubleshooting the Kernel 129 Summary 132 Exam Essentials 133 Review Questions 135 Chapter 4 Managing the Filesystem 139 Operating the Linux Filesystem 140 Understanding Filesystem Structures 140 Understanding Filesystem Types 141 Making a Filesystem 144 Attaching a Filesystem 146 Exploring Additional Filesystem Topics 162 Looking at Memory-Based Linux Filesystems 162 Looking at the Btrfs Filesystem 163 Exploring Btrfs Subvolumes 165 Exploring Btrfs Snapshots 169 Looking at Optical Filesystems 171 Looking at Swap Filesystems 177 Looking at Network-Based Filesystems 180 Understanding Auto-Mounting 180 Looking at Encrypted Filesystems 183 Maintaining Linux Filesystems 185 Adjusting a Filesystem 185 Checking and Repairing a Filesystem 187 Using SMART 189 Summary 192 Exam Essentials 192 Review Questions 195 Chapter 5 Administering Advanced Storage Devices 199 Configuring RAID 200 Understanding RAID 200 Implementing RAID on Linux 204 Managing a RAID Array 216 Adjusting Storage Devices 221 Looking at Drive Interface Concepts 221 Testing and Tuning Drives 223 Implementing iSCSI 234 Managing Logical Volumes 245 Understanding LVM 245 Creating Logical Volumes 246 Supporting Logical Volumes 254 Understanding the Device Mapper 263 Summary 264 Exam Essentials 264 Review Questions 267 Chapter 6 Navigating Network Services 271 Networking Basics 272 The Physical Layer 272 The Network Layer 274 The Transport Layer 278 The Application Layer 279 Configuring Network Features 279 Network Configuration Files 280 Graphical Tools 282 Command-Line Tools 284 Basic Network Troubleshooting 288 Checking the Log Files 288 Viewing the ARP Cache 289 Sending Test Packets 290 Testing Network Routes 291 Testing Client/Server Connectivity 293 Finding Host Information 295 Network Security 297 Advanced Network Troubleshooting 297 Viewing Open Network Connections 297 Viewing Network Statistics 300 Scanning the Network 302 Capturing Network Traffic 303 Summary 308 Exam Essentials 308 Review Questions 310 Part II The LPI 202 Exam 315 Chapter 7 Organizing Email Services 317 The Linux Mail System 318 Mail Transfer Agent 319 Mail Delivery Agent 321 Mail User Agent 323 Email Protocols 325 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 326 Post Office Protocol 332 Internet Message Access Protocol 334 Using Email Servers 338 Using Sendmail 338 Using Postfix 342 Local Email Delivery 351 Procmail Basics 351 Sieve 356 Remote Email Delivery 359 Using Courier 359 Using Dovecot 360 Summary 363 Exam Essentials 364 Review Questions 366 Chapter 8 Directing DNS 371 Configuring a DNS Server 372 Understanding DNS and BIND 372 Configuring DNS on Linux 379 Starting, Stopping, and Reloading BIND 395 Configuring BIND Logging 398 Creating and Maintaining DNS Zones 403 Exploring BIND Zone Files 403 Managing BIND Zones on Linux 417 Securing a DNS Server 427 Setting Up Basic Security 427 Jailing BIND 431 Using DNSSEC 434 Connecting via TSIG 440 Employing DANE 442 Summary 445 Exam Essentials 445 Review Questions 447 Chapter 9 Offering Web Services 451 What Is a Web Server? 452 Web Server Basics 452 The HTTP Standard 453 Linux Web Servers 459 The Apache Web Server 461 Installing an Apache Server 462 Configuring the Apache Server 464 Hosting Dynamic Web Applications 472 Creating a Secure Web Server 474 Using a Proxy Server 482 Installing Squid 482 Configuring Squid 483 Configuring Clients 486 The Nginx Server 487 Installing Nginx 487 Configuring Nginx 488 Summary 490 Exam Essentials 491 Review Questions 493 Chapter 10 Sharing Files 497 Looking at Samba 498 Understanding Samba 498 Configuring Samba 500 Troubleshooting Samba 527 Looking at NFS 530 Understanding NFS 530 Configuring NFS 533 Securing NFS 549 Troubleshooting NFS 552 Looking at FTP Servers 553 Understanding FTP 554 Configuring vsftpd 556 Configuring Pure-FTPd 568 Summary 575 Exam Essentials 575 Review Questions 577 Chapter 11 Managing Network Clients 581 Assigning Network Addresses 582 The DHCP Standard 583 Linux DHCP Software 584 Installing a Linux DHCP Server 585 Configuring a DHCP Server 585 Configuring Clients 590 Authentication Service 591 PAM Basics 591 Configuring PAM 594 Using PAM Application Files 595 Network Directories 597 LDAP Basics 597 The OpenLDAP Server 601 Implementing LDAP Clients 607 Summary 613 Exam Essentials 613 Review Questions 615 Chapter 12 Setting Up System Security 619 Server Network Security 620 Port Scanning 620 Intrusion Detection Systems 628 External Network Security 631 Using iptables 634 Routing in Linux 639 Connecting Securely to a Server 639 OpenSSH 640 OpenVPN 643 Security Resources 646 US-CERT 646 SANS Institute 647 Bugtraq 647 Summary 648 Exam Essentials 649 Review Questions 651 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 655 Chapter 1: Starting a System 656 Chapter 2: Maintaining the System 659 Chapter 3: Mastering the Kernel 662 Chapter 4: Managing the Filesystem 664 Chapter 5: Administering Advanced Storage Devices 667 Chapter 6: Navigating Network Services 670 Chapter 7: Organizing Email Services 673 Chapter 8: Directing DNS 676 Chapter 9: Offering Web Services 678 Chapter 10: Sharing Files 681 Chapter 11: Managing Network Clients 684 Chapter 12: Setting Up System Security 687 Index 691.