Contents: Introduction, Deryck Beyleveld, SÉgolÈne RouillÉ-Mirza, David Townend and Jessica Wright; Data protection in Austria, Helmut Ofner; Report on the implementation of directive 95/46/EC in Belgian law, Herman Nys; Implementation of directive 95/46/EC in relation to medical research in Bulgaria, Sylvia Tomova; Implementation of directive 95/46/EC in the domestic law of the Czech Republic, Martina Kocourkova and Lukas Prudil; The implementation of data protection directive 95/46/EC in Denmark, Mette Hartlev; Personal data protection regulation in Estonia and directive 95/46/EC, Ants NÕmper; The implementation of EU directive 95/46/EC and the protection of sensitive health data in medical research in Finland, Lasse A. Lehtonen; Protection of the private life in relation to medical research in French law, Isabelle de Lamberterie; The implementation of the data protection directive 95/46/EC in Germany, Hermann Christoph KÜhn; Report on data protection law 2472/97 in Greece, Tina Garanis-Papadatos and Dimitris Boukis; Protection of health care data in the Hungarian law, Judit SÁnd∨ Implementation of directive 95/46/EC in relation to medical research in the Republic of Ireland, Deirdre Madden and Maeve McDonagh; Processing of personal data and medical/scientific research within the framework of Italy's legal system, Roberto Lattanzi; The implementation of directive 95/46/EC into national legislation with regard to medical research in Lithuania, Asta Cekanauskaite and Eugenijus Gefenas; Implementation of directive 95/46/EC and medical research in Luxembourg, GeneviÈve Folzer, Mathieu Abboud and SÉgolÈne RouillÉ-Mirza; The implementation of the data protection directive 1995/46/EC in Malta, Pierre Mallia, Ian Refalo, Maurice Cauchi and Etienne Calleja; The implementation of the directive 95/46/EC in Dutch law and medical research, Jessica Wright and Jeroen Tersteg≥ Implementation of the data protection directive in relation to medical research in Norway, Vigdis Kvalheim; Personal data protection and medical research in Poland, Pawel LukÓw; Report on the implementation of directive 95/46/EC in relation to medical research in Portugal, Helena Moniz and Catarina Sarmento e Castro; The implementation in domestic law of directive 95/46/EC in Romania, Liana Ples; Implementation of directive 95/46/EC in Slovenia, Alenka Selih; The implementation of directive 95/46/EC in Spain, C.M. Romeo Casabona and Pilar NicolÁs; Processing of personal data in Swedish health care and biomedical research, Elisabeth Rynning; The UK's implementation of directive 95/46/EC, Deryck Beyleveld, Andrew Grubb, David Townend, Ryan Morgan and Jessica Wright; Index; List of cases.