Why Eat? The need for water The need for energy Metabolic fuels Hunger and appetite Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways Chemical reactions: breaking and making covalent bonds Enzymes Factors affecting enzyme activity Coenzymes and prosthetic groups The classification and naming of enzymes Metabolic pathways Enzymes in clinical chemistry and medicine The Role of ATP in Metabolism The adenine nucleotides Functions of ATP The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP Digestion and Absorption The gastrointestinal tract Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates Digestion and absorption of fats Digestion and absorption of proteins The absorption of vitamins and minerals Energy Nutrition: the Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Fats Estimation of energy expenditure Energy balance and changes in body weight Metabolic fuels in the fed and fasting states Energy-yielding metabolism The metabolism of fats Tissue reserves of metabolic fuels Gluconeogenesis--the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors Diet and Health: Nutrition and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Chronic non-communicable diseases (the ''diseases of affluence'') Types of evidence linking diet and chronic diseases Guidelines for a prudent diet Nutritional genomics: interactions between diet and genes Free radicals, oxidative damage, and antioxidant nutrients Homocysteine in cardiovascular disease Other potentially protective compounds in foods Overweight and Obesity Desirable body weight The problems of overweight and obesity The causes and treatment of obesity Protein-Energy Malnutrition: Problems of Undernutrition Problems of deficiency Protein-energy malnutrition Marasmus Cachexia Kwashiorkor Protein Nutrition and Metabolism Nitrogen balance and protein requirements Protein synthesis The metabolism of amino acids The Integration and Control of Metabolism Patterns of metabolic regulation Intracellular regulation of enzyme activity Responses to fast-acting hormones by covalent modification of enzyme proteins Slow-acting hormones: changes in enzyme synthesis Hormonal control in the fed and fasting states Selection of fuel for muscle activity Diabetes mellitus--a failure of regulation of blood glucose concentration Micronutrients: the Vitamins and Minerals The determination of requirements and reference intakes Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B1(thiamin) Vitamin B2(riboflavin) Niacin Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folic acid Biotin Pantothenic acid Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Minerals Nutritional anaemias amp;lt;BR> Energy Nutrition: the Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Fats Estimation of energy expenditure Energy balance and changes in body weight Metabolic fuels in the fed and fasting states Energy-yielding metabolism The metabolism of fats Tissue reserves of metabolic fuels Gluconeogenesis--the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors Diet and Health: Nutrition and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Chronic non-communicable diseases (the ''diseases of affluence'') Types of evidence linking diet and chronic diseases Guidelines for a prudent diet Nutritional genomics: interactions between diet and genes Free radicals, oxidative damage, and antioxidant nutrients Homocysteine in cardiovascular disease Other potentially protective compounds in foods Overweight and Obesity Desirable body weight The problems of overweight and obesity The causes and treatment of obesity Protein-Energy Malnutrition: Problems of Undernutrition Problems of deficiency Protein-energy malnutrition Marasmus Cachexia Kwashiorkor Protein Nutrition and Metabolism Nitrogen balance and protein requirements Protein synthesis The metabolism of amino acids The Integration and Control of Metabolism Patterns of metabolic regulation Intracellular regulation of enzyme activity Responses to fast-acting hormones by covalent modification of enzyme proteins Slow-acting hormones: changes in enzyme synthesis Hormonal control in the fed and fasting states Selection of fuel for muscle activity Diabetes mellitus--a failure of regulation of blood glucose concentration Micronutrients: the Vitamins and Minerals The determination of requirements and reference intakes Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B1(thiamin) Vitamin B2(riboflavin) Niacin Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folic acid Biotin Pantothenic acid Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Minerals Nutritional anaemias;lt;B>Overweight and Obesity Desirable body weight The problems of overweight and obesity The causes and treatment of obesity Protein-Energy Malnutrition: Problems of Undernutrition Problems of deficiency Protein-energy malnutrition Marasmus Cachexia Kwashiorkor Protein Nutrition and Metabolism Nitrogen balance and protein requirements Protein synthesis The metabolism of amino acids The Integration and Control of Metabolism Patterns of metabolic regulation Intracellular regulation of enzyme activity Responses to fast-acting hormones by covalent modification of enzyme proteins Slow-acting hormones: changes in enzyme synthesis Hormonal control in the fed and fasting states Selection of fuel for muscle activity Diabetes mellitus--a failure of regulation of blood glucose concentration Micronutrients: the Vitamins and Minerals The determination of requirements and reference intakes Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B1(thiamin) Vitamin B2(riboflavin) Niacin Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folic acid Biotin Pantothenic acid Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Minerals Nutritional anaemias Diabetes mellitus--a failure of regulation of blood glucose concentration Micronutrients: the Vitamins and Minerals The determination of requirements and reference intakes Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B1(thiamin) Vitamin B2(riboflavin) Niacin Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folic acid Biotin Pantothenic acid Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Minerals Nutritional anaemias.