Acknowledgments 4 About the Author 4 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Chapter 2: The Basics 10 4 Cycles of an Engine 11 Air and Fuel 13 Chapter 3: The Goold Ol' Days 19 Carburetion 19 Timing 21 Cam Timing 21 Chapter 4: Taking Measure 23 Throttle Position 23 Coolant Temperature 24 Air-Inlet Temperature 25 Manifold-Surface Temperature 25 Mass Air Flow 25 Manifold Pressure 29 Barometric Pressure 30 Crank/Cam Position 30 Rail Pressure 30 System Voltage 31 Oxygen Sensors 31 Knock Sensors 34 Chapter 5: Outputs 35 Fuel Injectors 35 Ignition 38 Fuel Pump 40 Throttle/ETC/Fly by Wire 41 Idle Air Control 44 Runner Controls 45 Cam Controls 45 Boost Control 46 Chapter 6: "The Recipe" 47 Modeling Airflow 48 Mass Air Flow 49 Speed Density 50 Fuel Delivery 51 Picking a Ratio 52 Transients and Modifiers 53 Correction Factors 55 Chapter 7: Ignition 56 Burn Rate 57 "Blancing the Players" 60 Chapter 8: Data Logging 62 Know Your Load 64 Chapter 9: Getting into the Zip Code 68 Mass Air Flow Modeling 70 MAF Scaling 71 Speed Density Airflow Modeling 72 Spark Advance 73 Chapter 10: Settling Down 77 Dashpot 79 Chapter 11: More Power 80 Chapter 12: Polising a Sculpture 85 Integrating Fuel Maps 85 Integrating Spark maps 85 Tip-In Ignition 86 Deceleration 87 Closing the Loop (or not?) 87 Choosing Cam/Runner Timing 88 Choosing a Shift Point 89 Almost Done 89 Chapter 13: Forced Induction 90 Centrifugal Superchargers 91 Positive Displacement Superchargers 93 Turbochargers 95 Nitrous Oxide 98 Chapter 14: Conclusion 102 Appendix A: Ford Tuning 104 Examples 106 Appendix B: GM Tuning 111 Examples 114 Appendix C: Standalone EFI Systems 118 Accel DFI 119 F.A.S.T. 120 AEM 121 MegaSquirt 122 Electromotive TEC3r 122 Appendix D: INCA OEM Calibration Tool 123 Appendix E: External Controllers 124 Electronic Ignition Boxes 124 VAFC/MAF Adjusters 125 Piggyback Controllers 125 Auxiliary Injector Control 126 Hobbs Switches 126 Mechanical Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulators 126 The FMU 127 Manual Boost Controllers and Wastegates 127 Exhaust Cutouts 128.