<>Preface ix Chapter 1: Preparation 1 Theory into Practice, 1 Terminology, 1 Meeting with Your Instructor, 2 Finding and Selecting a Placement, 2 Peers and Campus Resources for Locating Internships, 3 Community Resources, 3 Choosing a Placement, 4 The Rights of Applicants and Character Requirements for Interns, 10 Internship Agreements, 10 Evaluation, 12 Using This Book, 13 References, 14 Chapter 2: Getting Started 16 First Impressions, 16 Enthusiasm Meets Experience, 17 The Role of the Intern, 18 The Role of the Professional, 18 Meeting Clients, 22 Age and Experience Issues with Clients and Supervisors, 23 Time Limits, 24 Fees for Service, 25 Altruism versus Money, 25 Is Treatment Effective? 26 Clinical and Ethical Issues Pertaining to Fees, 26 Inoculation: What Not to Learn, 29 Internship Classes And Peer Groups, 30 Forming Internship Peer Groups, 30 Models of Peer Group Learning, 31 Elements of Successful Classes and Groups, 32 Video or Audio Recordings of Sessions, 34 Role Plays, 35 Introduction to Journal Work, 36 References, 38 Chapter 3: Ethical And Legal Issues 41 Ethical Guidelines of the Helping Professions, 41 Competence, 45 Informed Consent, 46 Confidentiality, 48 Exceptions to Confidentiality, 52 Insurance Company Inquiries, Managed Care, and Ethical Practice, 56 Confidentiality with Minors, 58 Dual Relationships and Boundary Issues, 59 Ethics in Classes and Groups, 65 Liability and Insurance, 66 Technology and Ethics, 68 Research Ethics, 70 Summary, 71 References, 71 Chapter 4: Supervision 79 What is Supervision? 79 Hopes and Fears of Interns, 79 Hopes and Fears of Supervisors, 80 Clarifying Expectations, 81 Frequency and Timing of Supervision, 81 Content of Supervision, 82 Didactic Supervision, 83 Case Notes and Discussions, 83 Tapes and Role-Plays, 85 Live Supervision, 85 Observing the Supervisor in Therapy, 86 Remote Supervision-Internet, Telephone, and Other Technologies, 87 Theoretical Orientation, 88 Supervision and Therapy: Differences and Similarities, 89 Transference and Countertransference, 93 Suggested Guidelines for Therapy and Supervision, 94 Conflict in Supervision, 94 Evaluation, 96 Planning for Future Supervision, 98 References, 99 Chapter 5: Working With Diversity 102 Reasons for Diversity Training, 102 Resistance to Diversity Training, 103 Steps Toward Working with Differences, 105 Self-Awareness: Knowing the Diversity within Us, 105 Confronting Our Biases and Acknowledging Our Ignorance, 107 The Historical Context Must Be Acknowledged, 108 The Current Context Must Be Acknowledged, 109 Strengths Must Be Recognized along with Problems, 110 Ethnic-Identity Development, 110 Developing Culturally Sensitive and Relevant Skills, 112 The Culturally Sensitive Counselor, 112 Culturally Sensitive Intervention Approaches, 114 Cultural and Organizational Change, 115 Summary, 116 References, 116 Chapter 6: Clinical Writing, Treatment Records, And Case Notes 119 Writing Skills, 119 Writing Can Be Learned, 119 Focusing Reading to Learn Writing, 120 Practice and Feedback, 120 Rewriting, 121 Common Writing Problems, 122 Keys to Good Writing, 122 The Function and Maintenance of Records, 127 What Goes into Records, 127 What Stays Out of Records, 129 Progress Notes and Psychotherapy Notes, 130 Standard Formats, 130 Progress Notes, 131 Standard Formats, 132 SOAP Notes, 134 Time-Sequenced Notes, 134 Process or Progress Notes, 135 Signing Notes, 135 Dictation, 135 Progress Notes and Supervision, 136 Using Your Notes, 136 Other Guidelines, 137 References, 137 Chapter 7: Stress And Self-Care 139 Client after Client, Day after Day, 140 How Common Is Stress among Helping Professionals? 140 Sources of Stress, 141 The Effects of Stress, 143 Secondary Trauma, 146 Burnout, 149 Self-Care, 153 Cognitive Self-Care. 155 Physical Self-Care, 158 Emotional Self-Care, 160 Organizational Measures and Peer Support, 161 Multimodal Self-Care, 162 Personal Therapy, 162 Positive Effects on Therapists, 163 Financial Self-Care, 164 References, 164 Chapter 8: Assault And Other Risks 168 The Risks of Assault, 168 Coping with Aggression, 170 Strange Behavior and Strange People Are Not Necessarily Dangerous, 170 Understand Developmental Differences, 170 Understand and Recognize Motivational Factors, 171 Situational Factors and Violence, 172 Recognize Potentially Dangerous Individuals, 173 Early Prevention of Violence, 175 Institutional Responses to Threats of Violence, 175 Prevention of Imminent Violence with Clients, 176 Responding to Assault, 177 Assault-Response Training, 178 Aftereffects, 178 Stalking, 179 Summary, 181 References, 181 Chapter 9: Closing Cases 183 Ethical Considerations and Termination, 183 Understanding Client Reactions to Early Termination, 183 Understanding Intern Reactions to Early Termination, 184 Common Problems in Termination, 185 Toward Successful Termination or Transfer, 185 Issues to Address in Termination, 187 Techniques for Termination, 188 Transferring Clients to Other Therapists, 189 References, 191 Chapter 10: Finishing The Internship 192 Concluding the Supervisory Relationship, 192 Letters of Recommendation, 194 Procedures for Those Seeking Letters of Recommendation, 195 Concluding Relationships with Staff, 195 Letters of Thanks, 196 Looking Ahead, 196 Professional, Community, and Political Involvement, 197 References, 198 Chapter 11: Frustrations, Lessons, Discoveries, And Joy 199 Learning from Whatever Happens, 199 Lessons We Wish Were Not True, 199 Lessons about the Lessons, 201 Discoveries and Joy, 201 Closing Comments, 202 Appendix A: Internship Selection Checklist 205 Appendix B: Placement Information Form 209 Appendix C: Internship Learning Agreement Record Form 211 Appendix D: Intern Evaluation: Supervisor Form 215 Appendix E: Intern Evaluation: Intern Form 219 Appendix F: Emergency Contact And Procedures Information 223 Appendix G: Ethical Guidelines 225 Appendix H: Treatment Agreement And Informed Consent 227 Appendix I: Supervisor Evaluation Form 231 Appendix J: Clinical Activities Record Sheet 235 Appendix K: Placement Evaluation Form 237 Indices 241 Author Index, 241 Subject Index, 247.