Trade liberalization tends to boost economic growth and contribute to the reduction of poverty in the longer term but it may also impose important short-term adjustment costs. This study explores the poverty implications of the current post-Doha multilateral trade reform agenda of the WTO for developing countries. It address the implications at three levels: on developing countries as a group; on different types of developing countries; and on different types of households within developing countries. The paper addresses such questions as whether food-importing countries would suffer from higher food prices in international markets, and what impact reform could have on food security and poverty alleviation.