Preface xiii List of Acronyms xvii Chapter 1. Introduction to Mobile and Networks 1 1.1. Mobile and wireless generation networks 2 1.1.1. First generation mobile technology: 1G 2 1.1.

2. Second generation mobile technology: 2G 3 1.1.3. Third generation mobile technology: 3G 4 1.1.4. Fourth generation mobile technology: 4G 5 1.

1.5. Fifth generation mobile technology: 5G 7 1.2. IEEE technologies 7 1.2.1. IEEE 802.

15: WPAN 8 1.2.2. IEEE 802.11: WLAN 8 1.2.3. IEEE 802.

16: WMAN 9 1.2.4. IEEE 802.21: MIHS 10 1.2.5. IEEE 802.

22: WRAN 10 1.3. Conclusion 11 1.4. Bibliography 11 1.4.1. Standards 11 1.

4.2. Selected bibliography 12 1.4.3. Websites 13 Chapter 2. Mobile Networks 15 2.1.

Cellular network 16 2.1.1. Radio interface 17 2.1.2. Cell design 19 2.1.

3. Traffic engineering 20 2.2. Principles of cellular network functionalities 21 2.3. 1G networks 23 2.4. 2G networks 23 2.

5. 3G networks 25 2.6. 4G networks 27 2.7. 5G networks 29 2.8. Bibliography 30 Chapter 3.

Long-Term Evolution 35 3.1. Relevant features of LTE 36 3.2. Network architecture and protocols 39 3.2.1. Architecture reference model 40 3.

2.2. Functional description of a LTE network 41 3.2.3. System architecture evolution 44 3.2.4.

Reference points 46 3.3. Control and user planes 48 3.3.1. User plane 48 3.3.2.

GPRS tunneling protocol 50 3.3.3. Control plane 52 3.4. Multimedia broadcast and multicast service 53 3.5. Stream Control Transmission Protocol 54 3.

6. Network discovery and selection 55 3.7. Radio resource management 56 3.8. Authentication and authorization 58 3.8.1.

User authentication, key agreement and key generation 59 3.8.2. Signaling and user-plane security 61 3.9. Fundamentals of the MAC layer in LTE 61 3.9.1.

Traffic classes and quality of service 61 3.9.2. Mobility 62 3.9.3. Resource scheduling algorithms 63 3.10.

Fundamentals of the LTE physical layer 64 3.10.1. Slot and frame structure in LTE OFDMA 64 3.10.2. Reference signals 68 3.11.

Conclusion69 3.12. Bibliography 70 3.12.1. Standards 70 3.12.2.

Selected bibliography 70 Chapter 4. Long-Term Evolution Advanced 73 4.1. HetNet in LTE Advanced 75 4.2. Small cell concepts 77 4.2.1.

Picocell 77 4.2.2. Femtocells 78 4.2.3. Relays 78 4.3.

Femtocell and macrocell integration architecture 79 4.4. Picocell and macrocell integration architecture 80 4.5. Interference mitigation in heterogeneous networks 81 4.5.1. Interference mitigation in the context of two-tier macrofemtocells 82 4.

5.2. Frequency spectral assignment 82 4.6. Interference mitigation in the context of two-tier macropicocells 83 4.7. Coordinated multi-point transmission/reception 84 4.8.

Carrier aggregation 85 4.9. LTE Advanced evolution toward 5G 86 4.10. Bibliography 87 4.10.1. Standards 87 4.

10.2. Selected bibliography 87 4.10.3. Websites 88 Chapter 5. 5G 89 5.1.

From LTE Advanced to 5G: the big transition 90 5.1.1. D2D communication 91 5.1.2. Green activities saving energy 92 5.1.

3. LTE-WiFi integration for traffic offloading 92 5.1.4. Vehicular communication 93 5.2. Some characteristics envisioned for 5G 94 5.2.

1. Massive capacity support 94 5.2.2. Ubiquitous communication support 94 5.2.3. Improvement in radio characteristics 94 5.

3. 5G frequencies 95 5.4. High and low platforms 96 5.5. Cloud-RAN 98 5.6. Bibliography 101 5.

6.1. Standard 101 5.6.2. Selected bibliography 101 5.6.3.

Website 101 Chapter 6. Small Cells 103 6.1. Femtocell technology 105 6.2. LTE femtocell architecture 108 6.2.1.

Home eNB or FAP 108 6.2.2. HeNB gateway or FAP-GW 109 6.2.3. HeNB management system or ACS 109 6.2.

4. Security gateway 110 6.3. LTE femtocell deployment scenarios 110 6.4. Femtocell access control strategy 112 6.4.1.

Closed subscriber group 112 6.4.2. Femtocell access control modes 113 6.4.3. Physical cell identity 113 6.5.

LTE femtocell challenges and technical issues 114 6.5.1. Interference 114 6.5.2. Spectrum allocation 115 6.5.

3. Access mode impact 117 6.6. Security and privacy challenges 117 6.7. Synchronization 120 6.8. Mobility 121 6.

9. Passpoint 123 6.10. The backhaul network 126 6.11. Software radio and cognitive radio 128 6.12. Custom cells 129 6.

13. Conclusion 130 6.14. Bibliography 131 6.14.1. Standards 131 6.14.

2. Selected bibliography 131 6.14.3. Websites 133 Chapter 7. WPAN and WiGig 135 7.1. Wireless Personal Area Network 135 7.

2. IEEE 802.15 136 7.3. Bluetooth 138 7.4. UWB 142 7.5.

WiGig 147 7.6. WirelesssHD 150 7.7. Conclusion 151 7.8. Bibliography 151 Chapter 8. WLAN and WiFi 153 8.

1. IEEE 802.11 154 8.2. WiFi architecture 156 8.2.1. Physical layer 156 8.

2.2. Data link layer 157 8.2.3. Access techniques 158 8.2.4.

The CSMA/CA protocol 159 8.2.5. Handovers 162 8.2.6. Security 163 8.2.

7. Wired Equivalent Privacy 164 8.2.8. WPA and IEEE 802.11i 167 8.3. Security and authentication 168 8.

3.1. Scalability and flexibility 168 8.3.2. IEEE 802.11i 170 8.3.

3. Trading security policy 170 8.4. Saving energy 172 8.5. IEEE 802.11a, b and g 174 8.5.

1. IEEE 802.11b 175 8.5.2. IEEE 802.11a 176 8.5.

3. IEEE 802.11n 176 8.5.4. IEEE 802.11ac 179 8.5.

5. IEEE 802.11ad 182 8.5.6. IEEE 802.11af 183 8.5.

7. IEEE 802.11ah 185 8.6. Conclusion 187 8.7. Bibliography 188 Chapter 9. WMAN and WiMAX 191 9.

1. Background on IEEE 802.16e 192 9.1.1. The medium access control layer 192 9.1.2.

Channel access mechanism 193 9.1.3. Quality of service 194 9.1.4. Mobility support 195 9.2.

The physical layer 195 9.2.1. Subchannelization in mobile WiMAX: OFDMA 195 9.2.2. Slot and frame structure in OFDMA-based mobile WiMAX 196 9.2.

3. OFDMA slot structure in AMC permutation mode 198 9.3. An example of WiMAX and WiFi integration 200 9.3.1. QoS management 202 9.3.

2. Qos support and classes 202 9.4. Mechanisms of channel access 203 9.4.1. WiFi access methods 204 9.4.

2. Mobile WiMAX access method 205 9.4.3. Handover support 206 9.5. IEEE 802.16m or mesh for WiMAX 206 9.

6. IEEE 802.16h or cognitive radio for WiMAX 207 9.6.1. Uncoordinated coexistence mechanism 208 9.6.2.

Coordinated coexistence mechanism 209 9.7. Bibliography 210 9.7.1. Standards 210 9.7.2.

Selected bibliography 210 Chapter 10. WRAN and Interconnection 213 10.1. IEEE 802.22 213 10.2. Interconnection between IEEE standards 216 10.2.

1. IEEE 802.21 framework 217 10.2.2. IEEE 802.21 core architecture 218 10.3.

Bibliography 220 10.3.1. Standards 220 10.3.2. Selected bibliography 220 Chapter 11. Internet of Things 223 11.

1. Sensor networks 224 11.2. RFID 226 11.2.1. Using RFID 228 11.2.

2. EPC global 229 11.2.3. RFID security 231 11.2.4. Mifare 231 11.

3. Near-field communication 232 11.3.1. Mobile key 233 11.3.2. NFC payment 234 11.

3.3. The Internet of Things in a medical environment 236 11.4. The Internet of Things in the home 237 11.5. Fog networking 238 11.6.

Connection of things 240 11.6.1. Specific proprietary solution: SIGFOX example 241 11.6.2. LoRa 242 11.7.

Conclusion 245 11.8. Bibliography 245 Chapter 12. Ad Hoc and Mesh Networks 247 12.1. Ad hoc networks 248 12.2. Routing 250 12.

2.1. Ad hoc in the link layer 253 12.2.2. Ad hoc mode in WiFi 253 12.2.3.

Bluetooth link layer 256 12.3. Ad hoc routing protocols 258 12.3.1. Reactive protocols 261 12.3.2.

Ad hoc on-demand distance vector 261 12.3.3. Dynamic source routing 262 12.4. Proactive protocols 263 12.4.1.

Optimized link state routing protocol 263 12.4.2. Topology dissemination based on reverse-path forwarding 264 12.5. Quality of service in ad hoc networks 265 12.6. Models for QoS in MANET 266 12.

7. Mesh networks 270 12.8. VANET networks 273 12.9. Green PI: wearable Device2Device networks 274 12.9.1.

Observation of traffic 276 12.9.2. Embedded Internet and 5G 277<.