This manual was developed by VT Fish& Wildlife department staff to provide useful information and guidance to landowners, foresters, wildlife biologists and others interested in managing land for the benefit of fish and wildlife.Our hope is that the information and ideas in this manual receive wide application, and our expectation is that they serve as a basis for the Department's efforts to work in partnership with Vermont landowners. From managing forests for ruffed grouse and wild turkey, and grasslands for bobolink and meadowlarks, to managing wetlands for herons andwood ducks, we believe that these guidelines provide useful information to ensure effective, long-lasting stewardship for these precious resources.