CONTENTSAbbreviations . xiPreface . xiiiAcknowlegdments . xxxiiiMaps . xxxviiiIntroduction . 1The Scope of the Study . 15Methodology: Archives with Voices . 17Unveiling the Discourse of Modernity in Twentieth-Century West African Reforms .
21Radicalism and Coexistence in West Africa''s Tradition of Islamic Reform and Renewal . 32Ahmad b. Abd al-Halim Ibn Taymiyya (1263-1328) . 34Muhammad b. Abd al-Karim al-Maghili al-Tilimsini . 37El Hajj Salim Suwari . 41Uthman dan Fodio . 44Hajj Umar Tall al-Futi .
46PART ONEHISTORYIntroduction to Part One . 521 Islam Prior to the Colonial Period . 53Islam in Burkina Faso prior to the European Conquests . 55Islam in Ghana prior to European Colonialism: Compromises and Coexistence with the Asante . 632 Managing the "Islamic Menace": Islam under British and French Rule . 71Mahdism and the Discourse of "Islamic Fanaticism" in Colonial West Africa . 75Taming Islamic Knowledge: Colonialism and the Development of the Madrasa . 85French Policy toward Islam in Burkina Faso .
88British Colonial Attitude toward Muslims and Islamic Schooling in Ghana . 92Sheikh Boubacar Sawadogo and French Policies toward Muslims in Burkina Faso . 94The Muslim Confijigurations at the End of Colonial Rule . 111PART TWOEARLY IMPLANTATIONIntroduction to Part Two . 1203 From the Students of the Sheikh to the Followers of the Prophet: Genesis of Wahhabism in Burkina Faso . 121Early Implantation of Wahhabism: The Malian and Senegalese Influence . 121Communauté Musulmane de Haute Volta (Burkina Faso) . 126El Hajj Muhammad Malick Sana .
128Imam Sayouba Ouédraogo . 130Aboubacar Kanozoe of Paghtenga . 131Message and Influence . 133The Growth: 1966-1972 . 139Recruitment Strategies . 143The Mosque and the Spread of Wahhabi/Sunna Doctrine . 145Internal Conflicts . 1474 "Seeing" God: Tarbiya and the Beginning of Wahhabism in Ghana .
153Hajj Yussif Salih Afa Ajura . 154Veiling the Bride: Hajj Yussif Afa Ajura''s Cultural Reform . 156Anti-Tarbiya and the Founding of Ambariyya . 162Smashing the Idols and Burning the Talismans: Sheikh Adam Appiedu''s Reform in Asante . 171PART THREEMATURATION: 1970s-1990sIntroduction to Part Three . 1845 Mouvement Sunnite of Burkina Faso, 1973-1988 . 187The Reconstituted Communauté Musulmane and the Conflicts of 1973 . 189The Formation of the Mouvement Sunnite de Haute Volta (Burkina Faso) .
198Burkina Faso and the Arab/Muslim World . 201The Sunna Movement, Phase II . 2046 Promoting the Good and Forbidding the Reprehensible: Wahhabism in Ghana, 1970-1998 . 211Hajj Umar''s Intellectual Development . 211Islamic Research and Reformation Center . 213Secularly-Educated Muslim Professionals and the Difffusion of Wahhabism in Accra . 216The Ghana Islamic Research and Reformation Center I (1970-1986) . 224Wahhabi-Inclined Reform in Kumasi .
2307 The Triple Heritage of West African Wahhabism: Islamic Reform and Modernity from Within and from Without .237The Indigenous Context . 238The Middle Eastern Connection . 238The European Context: Some Elective Afffijinities between West African Wahhabism and Western Modernity . 241Islamic Schooling and West African Wahhabi Reform . 251Patterns of the Development of Madrasas in Burkina Faso . 254Patterns of the Development of Madrasas in Ghana . 257Madrasa Schooling and Muslim Fanaticism .
271PART FOURA NEW PHASE OF WAHHABISM, 1990 TO PRESENTIntroduction to Part Four . 2828 From Rejection to Coexistence . 283The Search for Coexistence and the Dissolution of the Mouvement Sunnite (1988-1998) . 285The Search for Coexistence and the Decline of Wahhabism in Ghana . 289Indigenizing Wahhabi-Inclined Reform in Ghana . 297The Takfijir Debate . 2999 "Conscripts" of Modernity and Wahhabi Reform . 311References .
339Appendix . 357Indexes . 361.