In recent years, numerous incidents of corporate fraud have been reported in Japan. These have occurred at a number of world-famous Japanese companies, including Toshiba, Olympus, and Kobe Steel, among others. Needless to say, these companies already had a risk management system in place; the problem here is why these systems didn't function. On this issue, this book investigates eight incidents of corporate fraud in Japanese corporations, based on third-party investigation reports. It explores common problems in corporate governance and internal control systems present in these incidents, and discusses why these companies' three lines of defense let them down. These observations are valuable for readers worldwide who study corporate governance, risk management, and business management.