RESEARCH IN PROFESSIONAL AND PUBLIC LIFEThe Purposes and Applications of Action Research: Who does action research and why do they do it?Research: Methodical Processes of InquiryA Basic RoutineCommunity-Based Action Research: Participatory Approaches to InquiryInquiry in UseThe Literature On Action ResearchTHEORY AND PRINCIPLES OF ACTION RESEARCHIntroducing the Theoretical Foundations of Action ResearchThe Cultural Style of Action Research: Capacity Building ProcessesThe Role of the ResearcherWorking PrinciplesRelationshipsCommunicationParticipationInclusionSETTING THE STAGE: PLANNING A RESEARCH PROCESSConstructing Effective Research PlansSeeking Consensus: Constructing Meaningful ResearchLooking at the Lay of the Land: Preliminary ActivityEstablishing ContactSampling: Identifying Stakeholding GroupsSampling: Identifying Key PeopleEstablishing a RoleAgendaStancePositionConstructing a Preliminary PictureThe Ethics of Action ResearchRigor (Not Mortis): The Research Is Alive and WellCredibilityTransferabilityDependabilityConfirmabilitySociable Research ProcessesConclusionLOOK: BUILDING THE PICTUREGaining Insight: Gathering DataSources of InformationInterviews: Guided ReflectionQuestionsField NotesTape RecordersFocus GroupsParticipant ObservationDocuments, Records and ReportsSurveysReviewing the Literature: Evidence From Research StudiesMeasuring: Quantitative Information--How Many.'Extended Understanding: Descriptive AnalysisAlternative 1: Working Ethnographically: --Collaborative Descriptive AccountsAlternative 2: Six Questions--Why, What, How, Who, Where, WhenAlternative 3: Community ProfileMeetings: Group Processes for Collaborative InquiryPreliminary MeetingsOrganizing MeetingsTHINK: INTERPRETING AND ANALYZINGInterpretation: Clarifying MeaningAnalysis and Interpretation I : Distilling the DataCategorizing and Coding (1)Analyzing Key Experiences (2)Case Example: Facilitating WorkshopsIdentify learning tasksAnalysis and Interpretation II: Enriching the AnalysisExtending Understanding: Frameworks for InterpretationAlternative 1: Interpretive Questions: Why, What, How, Who, Where, WhenAlternative 2: Organizational ReviewAlternative 3: Concept MappingAlternative 4: Problem Analysis--Antecedents and ConsequencesWriting Reports CollaborativelyOrganizing MeetingsProcedures for AnalysisPresentations and PerformancesConclusionACT: RESOLVING PROBLEMS--PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONSFrom Problems To SolutionsPlanningIdentifying Priorities For ActionAction PlansQuality CheckImplementingSupportingModelingLinkingReviewingEvaluatingConclusionSTRATEGIC PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENTManaging Processes of Change and DevelopmentStrategic PlanningA Unifying VisionOperational Statements: Enacting the VisionAction PlansReviewing the PlansPolitical DimensionsFinancial PlanningGuiding the Research ProcessPrinciples in OperationAppropriate LanguageMaking DecisionsSupport and MonitoringEvaluatingSteps to EvaluationCelebratingFORMAL REPORTSFormal Reports, Theses, and DissertationsThe Research Orientation: Assumptions of Interpretive ResearchReports, Theses, and DissertationsStructure of a ReportSection 1: Introduction--Focus and FramingSection 2: Review of the LiteratureSection 3: MethodologyIntroductionMethodological Assumptions: Philosophical RationaleResearch MethodsRigorLimitationsEthical IssuesSection 4: Research Outcomes/FindingsSetting the Scene: Describing the ContextConstructing Accounts: Telling People''s StoriesConstructing a General AccountSection 5: Conclusion Discussion of FindingsGiving Voice: Alternative Report StructuresUNDERSTANDING ACTION RESEARCHThe Place of Theory In Action ResearchThe Theory Behind the Practice"But It''s Not Scientific": The Question of LegitimacyPower, Control, and SubordinationUnderstanding Power and Control: Postmodern PerspectivesThe Next Generation: Community-Based Action ResearchGiving Voice: Representing People''s ExperienceChanging Our Work and Social Practices: "Scripts".