Introduction xxi Assessment Test xxxi Chapter 1 Internetworking 1 Internetworking Basics 2 Internetworking Models 10 The Layered Approach 10 Advantages of Reference Models 11 The OSI Reference Model 12 The Application Layer 14 The Presentation Layer 15 The Session Layer 15 The Transport Layer 15 The Network Layer 21 The Data Link Layer 23 The Physical Layer 26 Summary 29 Exam Essentials 29 Review Questions 31 Chapter 2 Introduction to TCP/IP 33 Introducing TCP/IP 34 A Brief History of TCP/IP 34 TCP/IP and the DoD Model 35 The Process/Application Layer Protocols 37 The Host- to- Host or Transport Layer Protocols 46 The Internet Layer Protocols 55 IP Addressing 64 IP Terminology 64 The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 65 Private IP Addresses (RFC 1918) 70 IPv4 Address Types 71 Layer 2 Broadcasts 71 Layer 3 Broadcasts 72 Unicast Address 72 Multicast Address 73 Summary 74 Exam Essentials 75 Review Questions 77 Chapter 3 Easy Subnetting 81 Subnetting Basics 82 How to Create Subnets 83 Subnet Masks 84 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 86 IP Subnet-Zero 87 Subnetting Class C Addresses 88 Using a Subnet Calculator 99 Subnetting Class B Addresses 99 Subnetting Class A Addresses 107 Summary 110 Exam Essentials 111 Review Questions 112 Chapter 4 Network Address Translation (NAT) & IPv6 115 When Do We Use NAT? 116 Types of Network Address Translation 118 NAT Names 118 How NAT Works 119 Why Do We Need IPv6? 120 The Benefits and Uses of IPv 6 122 IPv6 Addressing and Expressions 123 Shortened Expression 123 Address Types 124 Special Addresses 126 How IPv6 Works in an Internetwork 127 Manual Address Assignment 127 Stateless Autoconfiguration (EUI- 64) 128 Neighbor Discovery (NDP) 129 Summary 130 Exam Essentials 131 Review Questions 133 Chapter 5 IP Routing 137 Routing Basics 138 The IP Routing Process 141 Testing Your IP Routing Understanding 146 Configuring IP Routing 151 Static Routing 151 Default Routing 153 Dynamic Routing 154 Routing Protocol Basics 154 Summary 156 Exam Essentials 156 Review Questions 158 Chapter 6 Switching 161 Switching Services 162 Three Switch Functions at Layer 2 163 VLAN Basics 169 Broadcast Control 172 Security 173 Flexibility and Scalability 173 Identifying VLANs 174 Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 176 Routing Between VLANs 178 Summary 180 Exam Essentials 180 Review Questions 182 Chapter 7 Cables and Connectors 185 The Basic Network Topologies 186 Local Area Networks 187 Wide Area Networks 189 Metropolitan Area Networks 190 Campus Area Networks 190 Personal Area Networks 190 Storage Area Networks 190 Physical Network Topologies 191 Bus Topology 191 Star Topology 192 Ring Topology 193 Mesh Topology 194 Point- to- Point Topology 195 Point- to- Multipoint Topology 196 Hybrid Topology 197 Physical Media 197 Coaxial Cable 198 Fiber- Optic Cable 204 Summary 208 Exam Essentials 208 Review Questions 209 Chapter 8 Wireless Technologies 213 Wireless Networks 215 Wireless Personal Area Networks 215 Wireless Local Area Networks 216 Wireless Metro Area Networks 216 Wireless Wide Area Networks 217 Basic Wireless Devices 217 Wireless Access Points 217 Wireless Network Interface Card 219 Wireless Antennas 220 Wireless Principles 220 Independent Basic Service Set (Ad Hoc) 220 Basic Service Set 222 Infrastructure Basic Service Set 222 Service Set ID 222 Extended Service Set 224 Nonoverlapping Wi- Fi channels 225 2.4 GHz Band 225 5 GHz Band (802.11ac) 226 Wi- Fi 6 (802.11ax) 228 Interference 229 Range and Speed Comparisons 229 Cellular Technologies 229 Technologies That Facilitate the Internet of Things 231 Wireless Security 232 Authentication and Encryption 232 Wep 233 WPA and WPA2: An Overview 234 Wpa 3 236 Network Host Utilities 238 Windows 239 MacOS 247 Linux 251 Apple 256 Android 260 Summary 264 Exam Essentials 265 Review Questions 266 Chapter 9 Cisco Devices 271 Status Lights 272 Connecting to a Cisco Device 273 Physical Ports and Cables 275 Console Port 275 Serial Port 277 Fiber Port 278 SFPs 279 Ethernet Ports 279 Straight- Through Cable 281 Crossover Cable 282 PoE 283 Remote Access 284 Terminal Emulators 284 Remote Desktop Gateway/Remote Desktop Protocol 284 Telnet 285 Secure Shell 287 Virtual Private Networks 289 Network Management Systems 290 Cloud- Managed Network (Meraki) 291 Scripts 292 Cisco Device show Commands 295 show running- config (show run) 295 show cdp neighbors 296 Documenting a Network Topology Using CDP 299 Show ip route 301 Show version 302 Show inventory 303 Show switch 304 Show mac- address- table 305 Show interface 307 Show ip interface brief 309 Privilege Level 310 The Help Command 311 Auto- Complete 313 Summary 314 Exam Essentials 314 Review Questions 315 Chapter 10 Security 319 Firewalls 320 Controlling Network Access 321 Access Control Lists 322 Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability 324 Confidentiality 324 Integrity 324 Availability 324 Authentication Methods 324 Multifactor 324 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting 325 Encryption 327 Certificates 329 Hashes 330 Active Directory (Identity) 330 Identity Service Engine Authentication 332 Password Complexity 332 Threats 334 Vulnerabilities 335 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures 335 Zero- Day 335 Exploits 336 Social Engineering 336 Phishing 336 Malware 336 Denial of Service/Distributed Denial of Service 338 Summary 340 Exam Essentials 340 Review Questions 341 Chapter 11 Cloud & IoT 343 Cloud Computing and Its Effect on the Enterprise Network 344 Cloud Concepts 346 Service Models 347 Cloud Endpoints 350 VoIP- IoT Applications 351 Summary 352 Exam Essentials 353 Review Questions 354 Chapter 12 Troubleshooting 357 Help Desk 358 The Security Policy 359 Ticketing 361 Information Gathering Using Network Documentation 362 Using SNMP 362 Schematics and Diagrams 363 Documentation and Diagrams 367 Physical Network Diagram 367 Logical Network Diagram 368 Seven- Step Troubleshooting Process 368 Define the Problem 369 Gather Information 369 Analyze the Information 369 Eliminate Possible Causes 370 Propose a Hypothesis 370 Test the Hypothesis 370 Solve the Problem 370 Wireshark 371 Filtering and Saving 372 Diagnostic Commands 373 Firewalls 374 IP Config 375 Using Diagnostic Commands to Solve Network Issues 383 Network Bandwidth and Throughput 388 Speed Tests vs. iPerf 388 Summary 391 Exam Essentials 391 Review Questions 393 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 395 Chapter 1: Internetworking 396 Chapter 2: Introduction to TCP/IP 397 Chapter 3: Easy Subnetting 398 Chapter 4: Network Address Translation (NAT) and IPv 6 399 Chapter 5: IP Routing 400 Chapter 6: Switching 401 Chapter 7: Cables and Connectors 402 Chapter 8: Wireless Technologies 403 Chapter 9: Cisco Devices 404 Chapter 10: Security 405 Chapter 11: Cloud & IoT 406 Chapter 12: Troubleshooting 407 Index 409.