Preface xv 1 Ocular Anatomy 1 Fig. 1.1 Eye anatomy 2 Fig. 1.2 Eyelid 5 2 The Ophthalmic Examination and Diagnostics 7 Fig. 2.1 Ophthalmic examination equipment 8 Fig. 2.
2 Ophthalmic examination 10 Fig. 2.3 Ophthalmic examination in a horse 11 Fig. 2.4 Nasolacrimal patency 12 Fig. 2.5 Microbiologic culture and susceptibility testing 13 Fig. 2.
6 Cytology 14 Fig. 2.7 Ophthalmic stains 15 Fig. 2.8 Slit lamp biomicroscopy 17 Fig. 2.9 Intraocular pressure 18 Fig. 2.
10 Gonioscopy 19 Fig. 2.11 Ophthalmoscopy 20 3 Clinical Signs and Their Interpretations 25 Fig. 3.1 Blepharospasm 26 Fig. 3.2 Epiphora 27 Fig. 3.
3 Exophthalmos/enophthalmos/strabismus 27 Fig. 3.4 Microphthalmia/phthisis bulbus/buphthalmos 29 Fig. 3.5 Conjunctival hyperemia 30 Fig. 3.6 Iridocyclitis 32 Fig. 3.
7 Episcleral venous congestion 33 Fig. 3.8 Corneal edema 34 Fig. 3.9 Corneal ulceration/vascularization 36 Fig. 3.10 Corneal pigmentation 38 Fig. 3.
11 Corneal cellular infiltrate 38 Fig. 3.12 Sequestrum 40 Fig. 3.13 Corneal fibrosis 41 Fig. 3.14 Corneal lipidosis 42 Fig. 3.
15 Hemorrhages 43 Fig. 3.16 Opacity in the anterior chamber 45 Fig. 3.17 Mydriasis/miosis 46 Fig. 3.18 Posterior synechiae 47 Fig. 3.
19 Rubeosis irides 48 Fig. 3.20 Acute chorioretinal inflammations 50 Fig. 3.21 Chronic chorioretinal inflammation 50 4 Canine Orbit 53 Fig. 4.1 Microphthalmia 54 Fig. 4.
2 Acute orbital cellulitis/retrobulbar abscess 55 Fig. 4.3 Zygomatic salivary mucocele 56 Fig. 4.4 Acute masticatory myositis 57 Fig. 4.5 Bilateral polymyositis 58 Fig. 4.
6 Microphthalmos/strabismus 59 Fig. 4.7 Traumatic proptosis 60 Fig. 4.8 Orbital trauma 62 Fig. 4.9 Craniomandibular osteopathy 62 Fig. 4.
10 Orbital masses 63 Fig. 4.11 Enucleation 64 Fig. 4.12 Intraocular silicone prosthesis 65 Fig. 4.13 Phthisis bulbus 66 5 Canine Eyelids 67 Fig. 5.
1 Ankyloblepharon 68 Fig. 5.2 Eyelid agenesis 68 Fig. 5.3 Dermoid 68 Fig. 5.4 Blepharophimosis 69 Fig. 5.
5 Euryblepharon 69 Fig. 5.6 "V" notch in the central lower eyelid 70 Fig. 5.7 Entropion 71 Fig. 5.8 Ectropion 73 Fig. 5.
9 Combined entropion-ectropion 74 Fig. 5.10 Distichia 75 Fig. 5.11 Ectopic cilia 76 Fig. 5.12 Trichomegaly 76 Fig. 5.
13 Trichiasis 76 Fig. 5.14 Eyelid laceration 77 Fig. 5.15 Pyoderma blepharitis 78 Fig. 5.16 Sarcoptic mange 78 Fig. 5.
17 Immune?mediated blepharitis 79 Fig. 5.18 Pyogranulomatous blepharitis 79 Fig. 5.19 Uveodermatologic syndrome 80 Fig. 5.20 Meibomianitis 81 Fig. 5.
21 Hordeolum/chalazion 82 Fig. 5.22 Proliferative keratoconjunctivitis 82 Fig. 5.23 Adenoma of the meibomian gland 83 Fig. 5.24 Melanoma of the lower eyelid 84 Fig. 5.
25 Squamous cell carcinoma/mast cell tumor 84 Fig. 5.26 Histiocytoma 85 Fig. 5.27 Oral papillomatosis 85 6 Canine Tear and Nasolacrimal Systems 87 Fig. 6.1 Acute keratoconjunctivitis sicca 88 Fig. 6.
2 Chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca 90 Fig. 6.3 Sequelae of acute keratoconjunctivitis sicca 91 Fig. 6.4 Qualitative keratoconjunctivitis sicca 92 Fig. 6.5 Entropion 93 Fig. 6.
6 Acute dacryocystitis 93 Fig. 6.7 Longer term dacryocystitis 94 Fig. 6.8 Dacryocele/dacryops 95 7 Canine Conjunctiva and Nictitating Membrane (Nictitans) 97 Fig. 7.1 Encircling nictitans 98 Fig. 7.
2 Dermoid of the lateral bulbar conjunctiva 98 Fig. 7.3 Everted cartilage 99 Fig. 7.4 Prolapse of nictitans tear glands 100 Fig. 7.5 Bilateral protrusion of the nictitans 101 Fig. 7.
6 Plasma cell infiltration of the nictitans 101 Fig. 7.7 Foreign bodies in the nictitans 102 Fig. 7.8 Primary neoplasms of the nictitans 103 Fig. 7.9 Conjunctivitis 104 Fig. 7.
10 Follicular conjunctivitis 105 Fig. 7.11 Chemosis of the conjunctiva 106 Fig. 7.12 Subconjunctival hemorrhage 107 Fig. 7.13 Non?neoplastic inflammatory masses of the conjunctivas and nictitans 108 Fig. 7.
14 Neoplasms of the canine conjunctiva 109 8 Canine Cornea and Sclera 111 Fig. 8.1 Corneoconjunctival dermoid 112 Fig. 8.2 Ocular dysgenesis 112 Fig. 8.3 Persistent pupillary membranes 113 Fig. 8.
4 Corneal erosion 114 Fig. 8.5 Corneal ulcer 115 Fig. 8.6 Central corneal ulcer 118 Fig. 8.7 Fungal keratitis 120 Fig. 8.
8 Pigmentary keratitis 121 Fig. 8.9 Chronic superficial keratitis 122 Fig. 8.10 Neuroparalytic keratitis 124 Fig. 8.11 Neurotropic keratitis 125 Fig. 8.
12 Keratitis 125 Fig. 8.13 Florida keratopathy 128 Fig. 8.14 Corneal laceration 128 Fig. 8.15 Corneal foreign bodies 130 Fig. 8.
16 Corneal stromal dystrophies 132 Fig. 8.17 Endothelial corneal dystrophy 133 Fig. 8.18 Corneal degeneration 135 Fig. 8.19 Corneal cyst 137 Fig. 8.
20 Limbal melanoma 138 Fig. 8.21 Scleral and conjunctival icterus 138 Fig. 8.22 Staphyloma 139 Fig. 8.23 Proliferative keratoconjunctivitis 139 9 Canine Glaucomas 143 Fig. 9.
1 Optic nerve head and primary open angle glaucoma 144 Fig. 9.2 Optic nerve head changes in primary narrow/closed angle glaucoma 144 Fig. 9.3 Congenital glaucoma 145 Fig. 9.4 Congenital glaucoma 145 Fig. 9.
5 Primary narrow/closed angle glaucoma 146 Fig. 9.6 Primary narrow/closed angle glaucoma with pectinate ligament dysplasia 148 Fig. 9.7 Primary narrow/closed angle glaucoma and globe enlargement 150 Fig. 9.8 Lens luxations or displacements 151 Fig. 9.
9 Cataract formation, resorption, lens?induced uveitis, and glaucoma 153 Fig. 9.10 Chronic uveitis/uveal cysts syndrome 155 Fig. 9.11 Secondary aphakic/pseudophakic glaucoma 157 Fig. 9.12 Traumatic glaucoma 157 Fig. 9.
13 Secondary glaucoma from intraocular hemorrhage 158 Fig. 9.14 Pigmentary glaucoma 158 Fig. 9.15 Secondary glaucoma and malignant melanoma of the ciliary body 159 Fig. 9.16 Secondary glaucoma and ciliary body primary adenocarcinoma 159 Fig. 9.
17 Secondary glaucoma and metastatic nasal adenocarcinoma 160 Fig. 9.18 Glaucoma secondary to anterior uveitis and lymphoma 160 Fig. 9.19 Glaucoma secondary to anterior uveitis and lymphoma 160 Fig. 9.20 Surgical and laser treatment for canine glaucoma 161 10 Canine Anterior Uvea 163 Fig. 10.
1 Heterochromia iridis 164 Fig. 10.2 Merle ocular dysgenesis 165 Fig. 10.3 Persistent pupillary membranes 166 Fig. 10.4 Iridal nests 167 Fig. 10.
5 Iridal coloboma 167 Fig. 10.6 Acute iridocyclitis 168 Fig. 10.7 Uveodermatologic syndrome/chronic anterior uveitis 170 Fig. 10.8 Anterior uveitis following rickettsial infestation 171 Fig. 10.
9 Iridocyclitis following heartworm infestation 171 Fig. 10.10 Anterior uveitis secondary to infectious canine hepatitis 172 Fig. 10.11 Mycotic iridocyclitis and chorioretinitis 173 Fig. 10.12 Iridocyclitis and cataract 174 Fig. 10.
13 Pigmentary uveitis 175 Fig. 10.14 Uveodermatologic syndrome 176 Fig. 10.15 Senile iris atrophy 178 Fig. 10.16 Anterior uveal trauma 179 Fig. 10.
17 Hyphema 180 Fig. 10.18 Melanoma 182 Fig. 10.19 Ciliary body adenoma/adenocarcinoma 184 Fig. 10.20 Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body 185 Fig. 10.
21 Lymphoma 185 11 Canine Lens and Cataract Formation 187 Fig. 11.1 Microphakia 188 Fig. 11.2 Lens coloboma 188 Fig. 11.3 Lenticonus 188 Fig. 11.
4 Persistent pupillary membranes leading to cataract 189 Fig. 11.5 Persistent hyaloid and posterior cataracts 190 Fig. 11.6 Cataract formation 191 Fig. 11.7 Nuclear sclerosis of the lens 192 Fig. 11.
8 Cataract formation classified by stage of maturity 193 Fig. 11.9 Age of onset and area(s) or region of the lens first involved in cataract formation 196 Fig. 11.10 Diabetic cataract 199 Fig. 11.11 Cataract secondary to inflammation 200 Fig. 11.
12 Lens injury following penetrating or blunt trauma 201 Fig. 11.13 Resorbing hypermature cataract 201 Fig. 11.14 Lens subluxation 204 Fig. 11.15 Anterior lens luxation 205 Fig. 11.
16 Posterior lens luxation 206 Fig. 11.17 Intraocular lens placement after lens extraction 207 12 Canine Vitreous 209 Fig. 12.1 Hyaloid remnants 210 Fig. 12.2 Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis 210 Fig. 12.
3 Asteroid hyalosis 211 Fig. 12.4 Vitritis following infection 213 Fig. 12.5 Vitreal hemorrhage 214 13 Canine Ocular Fundus and Optic Nerve 215 Fig. 13.1 Normal variations of the ocular fundus and optic nerve head or disc 216 Fig. 13.
2 Collie eye anomaly 217 Fig. 13.3 Retinal dysplasia 219 Fig. 13.4 Progressive retinal atrophy 221 Fig. 13.5 Retinal pigment epithelium dystrophy 223 Fig. 13.
6 Inflammations of the retina and choroid 224 Fig. 13.7 Sudden acquired retinal degeneration 225 Fig. 13.8 Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic hypertension 226 Fig. 13.9 Lipemia retinalis 227 Fig. 13.
10 Hyperviscosity syndrome 227 Fig. 13.11 Retinal detachment 229 Fig. 13.12 Granulomatous meningoencephalitis 230 Fig. 13.13 Neoplasms of.