This book presents a unified treatment of the science and practice of modern hydrology, derived from the basics of mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil science, and related disciplines. The aim of the book is to provide both breadth and depth of understanding in each of the major sub-sections of modern hydrology, under three broad themes: water, its properties, its movement, modelling and quality; the distribution of water in space and time; water resource sustainability. The importance of linking theory to application is underlined by the inclusion of four case studies from three continents. These examples cover regions of high water stress and show the relevance of the broad themes of the book to real field situations, and how adaptation measures can be employed to mitigate water stress. Modern Hydrology for Sustainable Development is intended not only as a textbook for students in earth and environmental science and civil engineering degree courses, but also as a reference for professionals in fields as diverse as environmental planning, civil engineering, municipal and industrial water supply, irrigation and catchment management.